% Automatically generated from CL/KIF
formulas(sos).
obolog_version1("0.01").

idspace2("span","http://www.ifomis.org/bfo/1.1/span#").

idspace2("snap","http://www.ifomis.org/bfo/1.1/snap#").

idspace2("bfo","http://www.ifomis.org/bfo/1.1#").

type1(Entity).

label2(Entity,"entity").

equivalent_to2(Entity,disjoint_union2(Continuant,Occurrent)).

exported_identifier2(Entity,"bfo:Entity").

type1(Continuant).

label2(Continuant,"continuant").

is_a2(Continuant,Entity).

equivalent_to2(Continuant,disjoint_union3(DependentContinuant,IndependentContinuant,SpatialRegion)).

comment2(Continuant,"Definition: An entity [bfo:Entity] that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.").

comment2(Continuant,"Examples: a heart, a person, the color of a tomato, the mass of a cloud, a symphony orchestra, the disposition of blood to coagulate, the lawn and atmosphere in front of our building").

comment2(Continuant,"Synonyms: endurant").

exported_identifier2(Continuant,"snap:Continuant").

type1(DependentContinuant).

label2(DependentContinuant,"dependent_continuant").

is_a2(DependentContinuant,Continuant).

equivalent_to2(DependentContinuant,disjoint_union2(GenericallyDependentContinuant,SpecificallyDependentContinuant)).

comment2(DependentContinuant,"Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is either dependent on one or other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] bearers or inheres in or is borne by other entities.").

exported_identifier2(DependentContinuant,"snap:DependentContinuant").

type1(Disposition).

label2(Disposition,"disposition").

is_a2(Disposition,RealizableEntity).

comment2(Disposition,"Definition: A realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] that essentially causes a specific process or transformation in the object [snap:Object] in which it inheres, under specific circumstances and in conjunction with the laws of nature. A general formula for dispositions is: X (object [snap:Object] has the disposition D to (transform, initiate a process) R under conditions C.").

comment2(Disposition,"Examples: the disposition of vegetables to decay when not refrigerated, the disposition of a vase to brake if dropped, the disposition of blood to coagulate, the disposition of a patient with a weakened immune system to contract disease, the disposition of metal to conduct electricity.").

exported_identifier2(Disposition,"snap:Disposition").

type1(FiatObjectPart).

label2(FiatObjectPart,"fiat_object_part").

is_a2(FiatObjectPart,IndependentContinuant).

comment2(FiatObjectPart,"Definition: An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] that is part of an object [snap:Object] but is not demarcated by any physical discontinuities.").

comment2(FiatObjectPart,"Examples: upper and lower lobes of the left lung, the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body, the east side of Saarbruecken, the lower right portion of a human torso").

comment2(FiatObjectPart,"Synonyms: fiat substance part").

exported_identifier2(FiatObjectPart,"snap:FiatObjectPart").

type1(Function).

label2(Function,"function").

is_a2(Function,RealizableEntity).

comment2(Function,"Definition: A realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] the manifestation of which is an essentially end-directed activity of a continuant [snap:Continuant] entity in virtue of that continuant [snap:Continuant] entity being a specific kind of entity in the kind or kinds of contexts that it is made for.").

comment2(Function,"Examples: the function of a birth canal to enable transport, the function of the heart in the body: to pump blood, to receive de-oxygenated and oxygenated blood, etc., the function of reproduction in the transmission of genetic material, the digestive function of the stomach to nutriate the body, the function of a hammer to drive in nails, the function of a computer program to compute mathematical equations, the function of an automobile to provide transportation, the function of a judge in a court of law").

exported_identifier2(Function,"snap:Function").

type1(GenericallyDependentContinuant).

label2(GenericallyDependentContinuant,"generically_dependent_continuant").

is_a2(GenericallyDependentContinuant,DependentContinuant).

comment2(GenericallyDependentContinuant,"Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is dependent on one or other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.").

comment2(GenericallyDependentContinuant,"Examples: a certain PDF file that exists in different and in several hard drives").

exported_identifier2(GenericallyDependentContinuant,"snap:GenericallyDependentContinuant").

type1(IndependentContinuant).

label2(IndependentContinuant,"independent_continuant").

is_a2(IndependentContinuant,Continuant).

equivalent_to2(IndependentContinuant,disjoint_union5(FiatObjectPart,Object,ObjectAggregate,ObjectBoundary,Site)).

comment2(IndependentContinuant,"Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is a bearer of quality [snap:Quality] and realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.").

comment2(IndependentContinuant,"Examples: an organism, a heart, a leg, a person, a symphony orchestra, a chair, the bottom right portion of a human torso, the lawn and atmosphere in front of our building").

comment2(IndependentContinuant,"Synonyms: substantial entity").

exported_identifier2(IndependentContinuant,"snap:IndependentContinuant").

type1(Object).

label2(Object,"object").

is_a2(Object,IndependentContinuant).

comment2(Object,"Definition: An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] that is spatially extended, maximally self-connected and self-contained (the parts of a substance are not separated from each other by spatial gaps) and possesses an internal unity. The identity of substantial object [snap:Object] entities is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.").

comment2(Object,"Examples: an organism, a heart, a chair, a lung, an apple").

comment2(Object,"Synonyms: substance").

exported_identifier2(Object,"snap:Object").

type1(ObjectAggregate).

label2(ObjectAggregate,"object_aggregate").

is_a2(ObjectAggregate,IndependentContinuant).

comment2(ObjectAggregate,"Definition: An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] that is a mereological sum of separate object [snap:Object] entities and possesses non-connected boundaries.").

comment2(ObjectAggregate,"Examples: a heap of stones, a group of commuters on the subway, a collection of random bacteria, a flock of geese, the patients in a hospital").

comment2(ObjectAggregate,"Synonyms: substance aggregate").

exported_identifier2(ObjectAggregate,"snap:ObjectAggregate").

type1(ObjectBoundary).

label2(ObjectBoundary,"object_boundary").

is_a2(ObjectBoundary,IndependentContinuant).

comment2(ObjectBoundary,"Definition: An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] that is a lower dimensional part of a spatial entity, normally a closed two-dimensional surface. Boundaries are those privileged parts of object [snap:Object] entities that exist at exactly the point where the object [snap:Object] is separated off from the rest of the existing entities in the world.").

comment2(ObjectBoundary,"Examples: the surface of the skin, the surface of the earth, the surface of the interior of the stomach, the outer surface of a cell or cell wall").

comment2(ObjectBoundary,"Synonyms: substance boundary").

comment2(ObjectBoundary,"Comment: Boundaries are theoretically difficult entities to account for, however the intuitive notion of a physical boundary as a surface of some sort (whether inside or outside of a thing) will generally serve as a good guide for the use of this universal.").

exported_identifier2(ObjectBoundary,"snap:ObjectBoundary").

type1(OneDimensionalRegion).

label2(OneDimensionalRegion,"one_dimensional_region").

is_a2(OneDimensionalRegion,SpatialRegion).

comment2(OneDimensionalRegion,"Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with one dimension.").

comment2(OneDimensionalRegion,"Examples: the part of space that is a line stretching from one end of absolute space to the other, an edge of a cube-shaped part of space").

exported_identifier2(OneDimensionalRegion,"snap:OneDimensionalRegion").

type1(Quality).

label2(Quality,"quality").

is_a2(Quality,SpecificallyDependentContinuant).

comment2(Quality,"Definition: A specifically dependent continuant [snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant] that is exhibited if it inheres in an entity or entities at all (a categorical property).").

comment2(Quality,"Examples: the color of a tomato, the ambient temperature of air, the circumference of a waist, the shape of a nose, the mass of a piece of gold, the weight of a chimpanzee").

exported_identifier2(Quality,"snap:Quality").

type1(RealizableEntity).

label2(RealizableEntity,"realizable_entity").

is_a2(RealizableEntity,SpecificallyDependentContinuant).

comment2(RealizableEntity,"Definition: A specifically dependent continuant [snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant] that inheres in continuant [snap:Continuant] entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.").

comment2(RealizableEntity,"Examples: the role of being a doctor, the function of the reproductive organs, the disposition of blood to coagulate, the disposition of metal to conduct electricity").

comment2(RealizableEntity,"Comment: If a realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] inheres in a continuant [snap:Continuant], this does not imply that it is actually realized.").

exported_identifier2(RealizableEntity,"snap:RealizableEntity").

type1(Role).

label2(Role,"role").

is_a2(Role,RealizableEntity).

comment2(Role,"Definition: A realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant [snap:Continuant] in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant [snap:Continuant] in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.").

comment2(Role,"Examples: the role of a person as a surgeon, the role of a chemical compound in an experiment, the role of a patient relative as defined by a hospital administrative form, the role of a woman as a legal mother in the context of system of laws, the role of a biological grandfather as legal guardian in the context of a system of laws, the role of ingested matter in digestion, the role of a student in a university").

exported_identifier2(Role,"snap:Role").

type1(Site).

label2(Site,"site").

is_a2(Site,IndependentContinuant).

comment2(Site,"Definition: An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] consisting of a characteristic spatial shape in relation to some arrangement of other continuant [snap:Continuant] entities and of the medium which is enclosed in whole or in part by this characteristic spatial shape. Site [snap:Site] entities are entities that can be occupied by other continuant [snap:Continuant] entities.").

comment2(Site,"Examples: a particular room in a particular hospital, Maria's nostril or her intestines for a variety of bacteria.").

comment2(Site,"Comment: An instance of Site [snap:Site] is a mixture of independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities which act as surrounding environments for other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities, most importantly for instances of object [snap:Object]. A site [snap:Site] is typically made of object [snap:Object] or fiat object part [snap:FiatObjectPart] entities and a surrounding medium in which is found an object [snap:Object] occupying the site [snap:Site]. Independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities may be associated with others (which, then, are sites) through a relation of \"occupation\". That relation is connected to, but distinct from, the relation of spatial location. Site [snap:Site] entities are not to be confused with spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities. In BFO, site [snap:Site] allows for a so-called relational view of space which is different from the view corresponding to the class spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] (see the comment on this class).").

exported_identifier2(Site,"snap:Site").

type1(SpatialRegion).

label2(SpatialRegion,"spatial_region").

is_a2(SpatialRegion,Continuant).

equivalent_to2(SpatialRegion,disjoint_union4(OneDimensionalRegion,ThreeDimensionalRegion,TwoDimensionalRegion,ZeroDimensionalRegion)).

comment2(SpatialRegion,"Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is neither bearer of quality [snap:Quality] entities nor inheres in any other entities.").

comment2(SpatialRegion,"Examples: the sum total of all space in the universe, parts of the sum total of all space in the universe").

comment2(SpatialRegion,"Comment: An instance of spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] is a part of space. All parts of space are spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities and only spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities are parts of space. Space is the entire extent of the spatial universe, a designated individual, which is thus itself a spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion].").

comment2(SpatialRegion,"Comment: All instances of continuant [snap:Continuant] are spatial entities, that is, they enter in the relation of (spatial) location with spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities. As a particular case, the exact spatial location of a spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] is this region itself.").

comment2(SpatialRegion,"Comment: Space and spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities are entities in their own rights which exist independently of any entities which can be located at them. This view of space is sometimes called \"absolutist\" or \"the container view\". In BFO, the class site [snap:Site] allows for a so-called relational view of space, that is to say, a view according to which spatiality is a matter of relative location between entities and not a matter of being tied to space. The bridge between these two views is secured through the fact that while instances of site [snap:Site] are not spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities, they are nevertheless spatial entities.").

exported_identifier2(SpatialRegion,"snap:SpatialRegion").

type1(SpecificallyDependentContinuant).

label2(SpecificallyDependentContinuant,"specifically_dependent_continuant").

is_a2(SpecificallyDependentContinuant,DependentContinuant).

equivalent_to2(SpecificallyDependentContinuant,disjoint_union2(Quality,RealizableEntity)).

comment2(SpecificallyDependentContinuant,"Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.").

comment2(SpecificallyDependentContinuant,"Examples: the mass of a cloud, the smell of mozzarella, the liquidity of blood, the color of a tomato, the disposition of fish to decay, the role of being a doctor, the function of the heart in the body: to pump blood, to receive de-oxygenated and oxygenated blood, etc.").

comment2(SpecificallyDependentContinuant,"Synonyms: property, trope, mode").

exported_identifier2(SpecificallyDependentContinuant,"snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant").

type1(ThreeDimensionalRegion).

label2(ThreeDimensionalRegion,"three_dimensional_region").

is_a2(ThreeDimensionalRegion,SpatialRegion).

comment2(ThreeDimensionalRegion,"Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with three dimensions.").

comment2(ThreeDimensionalRegion,"Examples: a cube-shaped part of space, a sphere-shaped part of space").

exported_identifier2(ThreeDimensionalRegion,"snap:ThreeDimensionalRegion").

type1(TwoDimensionalRegion).

label2(TwoDimensionalRegion,"two_dimensional_region").

is_a2(TwoDimensionalRegion,SpatialRegion).

comment2(TwoDimensionalRegion,"Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with two dimensions.").

comment2(TwoDimensionalRegion,"Examples: the surface of a cube-shaped part of space, the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space, the surface of a rectilinear planar figure-shaped part of space").

exported_identifier2(TwoDimensionalRegion,"snap:TwoDimensionalRegion").

type1(ZeroDimensionalRegion).

label2(ZeroDimensionalRegion,"zero_dimensional_region").

is_a2(ZeroDimensionalRegion,SpatialRegion).

comment2(ZeroDimensionalRegion,"Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with no dimensions.").

comment2(ZeroDimensionalRegion,"Examples: a point").

exported_identifier2(ZeroDimensionalRegion,"snap:ZeroDimensionalRegion").

type1(ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion).

label2(ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion,"connected_spatiotemporal_region").

is_a2(ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion,SpatiotemporalRegion).

equivalent_to2(ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion,disjoint_union2(SpatiotemporalInstant,SpatiotemporalInterval)).

comment2(ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion,"Definition: A space time region [span:SpaceTimeRegion] that has temporal and spatial dimensions such that all points within the spatiotemporal region are mediately or immediately connected to all other points within the same space time region [span:SpaceTimeRegion].").

comment2(ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion,"Examples: the spatial and temporal location of an individual organism's life, the spatial and temporal location of the development of a fetus").

exported_identifier2(ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion,"span:ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion").

type1(ConnectedTemporalRegion).

label2(ConnectedTemporalRegion,"connected_temporal_region").

is_a2(ConnectedTemporalRegion,TemporalRegion).

equivalent_to2(ConnectedTemporalRegion,disjoint_union2(TemporalInstant,TemporalInterval)).

comment2(ConnectedTemporalRegion,"Definition: A temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] every point of which is mediately or immediately connected with every other point of which.").

comment2(ConnectedTemporalRegion,"Examples: the 1970s years, the time from the beginning to the end of a heart attack, the time taken up by cellular meiosis").

exported_identifier2(ConnectedTemporalRegion,"span:ConnectedTemporalRegion").

type1(FiatProcessPart).

label2(FiatProcessPart,"fiat_process_part").

is_a2(FiatProcessPart,ProcessualEntity).

comment2(FiatProcessPart,"Definition: A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is part of a process but that does not have bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities.").

comment2(FiatProcessPart,"Examples: chewing during a meal, the middle part of a rainstorm, the worst part of a heart-attack, the most interesting part of Van Gogh's life").

exported_identifier2(FiatProcessPart,"span:FiatProcessPart").

type1(Occurrent).

label2(Occurrent,"occurrent").

is_a2(Occurrent,Entity).

equivalent_to2(Occurrent,disjoint_union3(ProcessualEntity,SpatiotemporalRegion,TemporalRegion)).

comment2(Occurrent,"Definition: An entity [bfo:Entity] that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. Sometimes also called perdurants.").

comment2(Occurrent,"Examples: the life of an organism, a surgical operation as processual context for a nosocomical infection, the spatiotemporal context occupied by a process of cellular meiosis, the most interesting part of Van Gogh's life, the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor").

comment2(Occurrent,"Synonyms: perdurant").

exported_identifier2(Occurrent,"span:Occurrent").

type1(Process).

label2(Process,"process").

is_a2(Process,ProcessualEntity).

comment2(Process,"Definition: A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is a maximally connected spatiotemporal whole and has bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities.").

comment2(Process,"Examples: the life of an organism, the process of sleeping, the process of cell-division").

exported_identifier2(Process,"span:Process").

type1(ProcessAggregate).

label2(ProcessAggregate,"process_aggregate").

is_a2(ProcessAggregate,ProcessualEntity).

comment2(ProcessAggregate,"Definition: A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is a mereological sum of process [span:Process] entities and possesses non-connected boundaries.").

comment2(ProcessAggregate,"Examples: the beating of the hearts of each of seven individuals in the room, the playing of each of the members of an orchestra, a process of digestion and a process of thinking taken together").

exported_identifier2(ProcessAggregate,"span:ProcessAggregate").

type1(ProcessBoundary).

label2(ProcessBoundary,"process_boundary").

is_a2(ProcessBoundary,ProcessualEntity).

comment2(ProcessBoundary,"Definition: A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is the fiat or bona fide instantaneous temporal process boundary.").

comment2(ProcessBoundary,"Examples: birth, death, the forming of a synapse, the onset of REM sleep, the detaching of a finger in an industrial accident, the final separation of two cells at the end of cell-division, the incision at the beginning of a surgery").

exported_identifier2(ProcessBoundary,"span:ProcessBoundary").

type1(ProcessualContext).

label2(ProcessualContext,"processual_context").

is_a2(ProcessualContext,ProcessualEntity).

comment2(ProcessualContext,"Definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] consisting of a characteristic spatial shape inhering in some arrangement of other occurrent [span:Occurrent] entities. processual context [span:ProcessualContext] entities are characteristically entities at or in which other occurrent [span:Occurrent] entities can be located or occur.").

comment2(ProcessualContext,"Examples: The processual context for a given manipulation occurring as part of an experiment is made of processual entities which occur in parallel, are not necessarily all parts of the experiment themselves and may involve continuant [snap:Continuant] entities which are in the spatial vicinity of the participants in the experiment.").

comment2(ProcessualContext,"Comment: An instance of a processual context [span:ProcessualContext] is a mixture of processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] which stand as surrounding environments for other processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] entities. The class processual context [span:ProcessualContext] is the analogous among occurrent [span:Occurrent] entities to the class site [snap:Site] among continuant [snap:Continuant] entities.").

exported_identifier2(ProcessualContext,"span:ProcessualContext").

type1(ProcessualEntity).

label2(ProcessualEntity,"processual_entity").

is_a2(ProcessualEntity,Occurrent).

equivalent_to2(ProcessualEntity,disjoint_union5(FiatProcessPart,Process,ProcessAggregate,ProcessBoundary,ProcessualContext)).

comment2(ProcessualEntity,"Definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity.").

comment2(ProcessualEntity,"Examples: the life of an organism, the process of meiosis, the course of a disease, the flight of a bird").

exported_identifier2(ProcessualEntity,"span:ProcessualEntity").

type1(ScatteredSpatiotemporalRegion).

label2(ScatteredSpatiotemporalRegion,"scattered_spatiotemporal_region").

is_a2(ScatteredSpatiotemporalRegion,SpatiotemporalRegion).

comment2(ScatteredSpatiotemporalRegion,"Definition: A space time region [span:SpaceTimeRegion] that has spatial and temporal dimensions and every spatial and temporal point of which is not connected with every other spatial and temporal point of which.").

comment2(ScatteredSpatiotemporalRegion,"Examples: the space and time occupied by the individual games of the World Cup, the space and time occupied by the individual liaisons in a romantic affair").

exported_identifier2(ScatteredSpatiotemporalRegion,"span:ScatteredSpatiotemporalRegion").

type1(ScatteredTemporalRegion).

label2(ScatteredTemporalRegion,"scattered_temporal_region").

is_a2(ScatteredTemporalRegion,TemporalRegion).

comment2(ScatteredTemporalRegion,"Definition: A temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] every point of which is not mediately or immediately connected with every other point of which.").

comment2(ScatteredTemporalRegion,"Examples: the time occupied by the individual games of the World Cup, the time occupied by the individual liaisons in a romantic affair").

exported_identifier2(ScatteredTemporalRegion,"span:ScatteredTemporalRegion").

type1(SpatiotemporalInstant).

label2(SpatiotemporalInstant,"spatiotemporal_instant").

is_a2(SpatiotemporalInstant,ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion).

comment2(SpatiotemporalInstant,"Definition: A connected space time region [span:ConnectedSpaceTimeRegion] at a specific moment.").

comment2(SpatiotemporalInstant,"Examples: the space time region occupied by a single instantaneous temporal slice (part) of a process").

exported_identifier2(SpatiotemporalInstant,"span:SpatiotemporalInstant").

type1(SpatiotemporalInterval).

label2(SpatiotemporalInterval,"spatiotemporal_interval").

is_a2(SpatiotemporalInterval,ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion).

comment2(SpatiotemporalInterval,"Definition: A connected space time region [span:ConnectedSpaceTimeRegion] that endures for more than a single moment of time.").

comment2(SpatiotemporalInterval,"Examples: the space time region occupied by a process or by a fiat processual part").

exported_identifier2(SpatiotemporalInterval,"span:SpatiotemporalInterval").

type1(SpatiotemporalRegion).

label2(SpatiotemporalRegion,"spatiotemporal_region").

is_a2(SpatiotemporalRegion,Occurrent).

equivalent_to2(SpatiotemporalRegion,disjoint_union2(ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion,ScatteredSpatiotemporalRegion)).

comment2(SpatiotemporalRegion,"Definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] at or in which processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] entities can be located.").

comment2(SpatiotemporalRegion,"Examples: the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life, the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor, the spatiotemporal context occupied by a process of cellular meiosis").

comment2(SpatiotemporalRegion,"Comment: An instance of the spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] is a part of spacetime. All parts of spacetime are spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities and only spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities are parts of spacetime. In particular, neither spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities nor temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities are in BFO parts of spacetime. Spacetime is the entire extent of the spatiotemporal universe, a designated individual, which is thus itself a spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion]. Spacetime is among occurrents the analogous of space among continuant [snap:Continuant] entities.").

comment2(SpatiotemporalRegion,"Comment: All instances of occurrent [span:Occurrent] are spatiotemporal entities, that is, they enter in the relation of (spatiotemporal) location with spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities. As a particular case, the exact spatiotemporal location of a spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] is this region itself.").

comment2(SpatiotemporalRegion,"Comment: Spacetime and spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities are entities in their own rights which exist independently of any entities which can be located at them. This view of spacetime can be called \"absolutist\" or \"the container view\". In BFO, the class processual context [span:ProcessualContext] allows for a so-called relational view of spacetime, that is to say, a view according to which spatiotemporality is a matter of relative location between entities and not a matter of being tied to spacetime. In BFO, the bridge between these two views is secured through the fact that instances of processual context [span:ProcessualContext] are too spatiotemporal entities.").

exported_identifier2(SpatiotemporalRegion,"span:SpatiotemporalRegion").

type1(TemporalInstant).

label2(TemporalInstant,"temporal_instant").

is_a2(TemporalInstant,ConnectedTemporalRegion).

comment2(TemporalInstant,"Definition: A connected temporal region [span:ConnectedTemporalRegion] comprising a single moment of time.").

comment2(TemporalInstant,"Examples: right now, the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident, the moment at which a child is born, the moment of death").

exported_identifier2(TemporalInstant,"span:TemporalInstant").

type1(TemporalInterval).

label2(TemporalInterval,"temporal_interval").

is_a2(TemporalInterval,ConnectedTemporalRegion).

comment2(TemporalInterval,"Definition: A connected temporal region [span:ConnectedTemporalRegion] lasting for more than a single moment of time.").

comment2(TemporalInterval,"Examples: any continuous temporal duration during which a process occurs").

exported_identifier2(TemporalInterval,"span:TemporalInterval").

type1(TemporalRegion).

label2(TemporalRegion,"temporal_region").

is_a2(TemporalRegion,Occurrent).

equivalent_to2(TemporalRegion,disjoint_union2(ConnectedTemporalRegion,ScatteredTemporalRegion)).

comment2(TemporalRegion,"Definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that is part of time.").

comment2(TemporalRegion,"Examples: the time it takes to run a marathon, the duration of a surgical procedure, the moment of death").

comment2(TemporalRegion,"Comment: An instance of temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] is a part of time. All parts of time are temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities and only temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities are parts of time. Time is the entire extent of the temporal universe, a designated individual, which is thus a temporal region itself.").

comment2(TemporalRegion,"Comment: All instances of occurrent [span:Occurrent] are temporal entities, that is, they enter in the relation of (temporal) location with temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities. As a particular case, the exact spatiotemporal location of a temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] is this region itself. Continuant [snap:Continuant] entities are not temporal entities in the technical sense just explained; they are related to time in a different way, not through temporal location but through a relation of existence at a time or during a period of time (see continuant [snap:Continuant].").

comment2(TemporalRegion,"Comment: Time and temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities are entities in their own rights which exist independently of any entities which can be located at them. This view of time can be called \"absolutist\" or \"the container view\" in analogy to what is traditionally the case with space (see spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion].").

exported_identifier2(TemporalRegion,"span:TemporalRegion").

obolog_version1("0.01").

module1("ro").

relation1("is_a").

label2("is_a","is_a").

transitive1("is_a").

anti_symmetric1("is_a").

reflexive1("is_a").

comment2("is_a","The is_a relationship is considered axiomatic by the obo file format specification. In the representation of obo in OWL, where obo terms are represented as OWL classes, is_a is mapped on to the subClassOf axiom").

example3("is_a",is_a2("astrocyte","glial cell"),CL).

example3("is_a",is_a2("serotonin","biogenic amine"),CHEBI).

example3("is_a",is_a2("catabolic process","metabolic process"),GO).

exact_synonym2("is_a","is_subtype_of").

exact_synonym2("is_a","subtype_of").

exact_synonym2("is_a","is_a_kind_of").

exact_synonym2("is_a","kind_of").

exact_synonym2("is_a","type_of").

exported_identifier2("is_a","OBO_REL_C:0000001").

alternate_identifier2("is_a","OBO_REL:is_a").

xref2("is_a","rdfs:subClassOf").

text_definition2("is_a","For continuants: C is_a C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, c instantiates C' at t. For processes: P is_a P' if and only if: that given any p that instantiates P, then p instantiates P'.").

text_definition_xref2("is_a","PMID:15892874").

type_type1("is_a").

atemporal1("is_a").

(is_a2(uX,uY) -> (instance_of2(i,uX) -> instance_of2(i,uY))).

(is_a2(uX,uY) -> (instance_of3(i,uX,t) -> instance_of3(i,uY,t))).

relation1("instance_of").

label2("instance_of","instance_of").

comment2("instance_of","The instance_of relationship is considered axiomatic by the obo file format specification; ie it is taken for granted. The is_a relation is still included in this ontology for completeness").

xref2("instance_of","rdf:type").

example2("instance_of",instance_of2("John Doe's heart","Heart [FMA]")).

example3("instance_of",instance_of2("Lake Geneva [GAZ:1234567]","freshwater lake [ENO:98765432]"),GAZ).

exported_identifier2("instance_of","OBO_REL_I:0000023").

text_definition2("instance_of","A relation between an instance and a class/type. For components: a primitive relation between a component instance and a class which it instantiates at a specific time. For processes: a primitive relation, between a process instance and a class which it instantiates, holding independently of time").

text_definition_xref2("instance_of","PMID:15892874").

instance_type1("instance_of").

atemporal_or_temporal1("instance_of").

instance_type1("instance_of").

(instance_of3(x,uU,t) -> is_a2(uU,Continuant)).

(instance_of2(x,uU) -> is_a2(uU,Occurrent)).

(instance_of2(i,uX) & is_a2(uX,uY) -> instance_of2(i,uY)).

(instance_of3(i,uX,t) & is_a2(uX,uY) -> instance_of3(i,uY,t)).

relation1("part_of").

label2("part_of","part_of").

exact_synonym2("part_of","is_part_of").

inverse_of2("part_of","has_part").

normative_direction_for2("part_of","part").

normative1("part_of").

transitive1("part_of").

anti_symmetric1("part_of").

example2("part_of",part_of3("John Doe's Heart","John Doe's Body","t1")).

example2("part_of",part_of2("John Doe's childhood","John Doe's lifespan")).

comment2(anti_symmetric1("part_of"),"not included in Bittner and Donnelly / Logical properties of foundational relations: We do not include an axiom of antisymmetry for parthood among objects, since we want to leave open the possibility that there may be distinct objects which have exactly the same parts at a given time. For example, the FMA distinguishes between an anatomical entity and the tissue which constitutes that entity at a given time (Rosse and Mejino, 2003)").

reflexive1("part_of").

exported_identifier2("part_of","OBO_REL_I:0000002").

alternate_identifier2("part_of","OBO_REL:part_of").

comment2("part_of","The primitive instance-level relation p part_of p1 is illustrated in assertions such as: this instance of rhodopsin mediated phototransduction part_of this instance of visual perception.    This relation satisfies at least the following standard axioms of mereology: reflexivity (for all p, p part_of p); anti-symmetry (for all p, p1, if p part_of p1 and p1 part_of p then p and p1 are identical); and transitivity (for all p, p1, p2, if p part_of p1 and p1 part_of p2, then p part_of p2). Analogous axioms hold also for parthood as a relation between spatial regions.    For parthood as a relation between continuants, these axioms need to be modified to take account of the incorporation of a temporal argument. Thus for example the axiom of transitivity for continuants will assert that if c part_of c1 at t and c1 part_of c2 at t, then also c part_of c2 at t.").

text_definition2("part_of","part_of on the instance level is a primitive relation, holding either atemporally between two process instances or temporally between two continuant instances").

text_definition_xref2("part_of","PMID:15892874").

instance_instance1("part_of").

homeomorphic_for2("part_of",IndependentContinuant).

homeomorphic_for2("part_of",DependentContinuant).

homeomorphic_for2("part_of",Occurrent).

homeomorphic_for2("part_of",Process).

homeomorphic_for2("part_of",Role).

homeomorphic_for2("part_of",Quality).

homeomorphic_for2("part_of",RealizableEntity).

homeomorphic_for2("part_of",SpatialRegion).

homeomorphic_for2("part_of",ProcessualEntity).

atemporal_or_temporal1("part_of").

holds_temporally_between3("part_of",Continuant,Continuant).

(part_of3(x,y,w) -> instance_of2(x,Continuant) & instance_of2(y,Continuant) & instance_of2(w,TemporalInstant)).

holds_atemporally_between3("part_of",Occurrent,Occurrent).

(part_of3(x,y,w) -> exists_at2(x,w) & exists_at2(y,w)).

never_holds_between2(Entity,Function).

never_holds_between2(Entity,Disposition).

relation1("part_of_some").

type_type1("part_of_some").

holds_over2("part_of_some","part_of").

label2("part_of_some","part_of").

transitive1("part_of_some").

anti_symmetric1("part_of_some").

reflexive1("part_of_some").

example3("part_of_some",part_of_some2("mitochondrial matrix","mitochodrion"),GO).

example3("part_of_some",part_of_some2("transcription","gene expression"),GO).

example3("part_of_some",part_of_some2("cell nucleus","cell"),GO).

example3("part_of_some",part_of_some2("heart ventricle","heart"),MA).

comment2("part_of_some","To define part_of as a relation between classes we again need to distinguish the two cases of continuants and processes, even though the explicit reference to instants of time now falls away. For continuants, we have C part_of C1 if and only if any instance of C at any time is an instance-level part of some instance of C1 at that time, as for example in: cell nucleus part_ of cell.").

exported_identifier2("part_of_some","OBO_REL_C:0000002").

text_definition2("part_of_some","For continuants: C <i>part_of</i> C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c <b>part_of</b> c' at t. For processes: P <i>part_of</i> P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p <b>part_of</b> p' at t. (Here <b>part_of</b> is the instance-level part-relation, @OBO_REL_I:0000002@).").

text_definition_xref2("part_of_some","PMID:15892874").

all_some_all_times2("part_of_some","part_of").

all_some2("part_of_some","part_of").

relation1("has_part").

instance_instance1("has_part").

label2("has_part","has_part").

inverse_of2("has_part","part_of").

transitive1("has_part").

anti_symmetric1("has_part").

reflexive1("has_part").

exported_identifier2("has_part","OBO_REL_I:0000003").

comment2("has_part","primitive instance-level relation, the inverse of *part_of*").

atemporal_or_temporal1("has_part").

relation1("has_part_some").

type_type1("has_part_some").

holds_over2("has_part_some","has_part").

all_some_all_times2("has_part_some","has_part").

label2("has_part_some","has_part").

transitive1("has_part_some").

anti_symmetric1("has_part_some").

reflexive1("has_part_some").

example3("has_part_some",has_part_some2("nucleate cell","nucleus"),CL).

example3("has_part_some",has_part_some2("cell","cytoplasm"),GO).

exported_identifier2("has_part_some","OBO_REL_C:0000003").

text_definition2("has_part_some","C has_part_some C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *has_part* c' at t. For processes: P has_part_some P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *has_part* p' at t. (Here *has_part* is the instance-level part-relation, @OBO_REL_I:0000003@)").

relation1("integral_part_of").

type_type1("integral_part_of").

type_level_only1("integral_part_of").

label2("integral_part_of","integral_part_of").

subrelation2("integral_part_of","part_of_some").

transitive1("integral_part_of").

anti_symmetric1("integral_part_of").

reflexive1("integral_part_of").

inverse_of2("integral_part_of","has_integral_part").

inverse_always_true2("integral_part_of","part_of_some").

holds_bidirectionally_for3("integral_part_of","part_of_some","has_part_some").

normative_direction_for2("integral_part_of","integral_part").

exported_identifier2("integral_part_of","OBO_REL_C:0000004").

text_definition2("integral_part_of","C integral_part_of C' if and only if: C part_of C' AND C' has_part C").

text_definition_xref2("integral_part_of","PMID:15892874").

example3("integral_part_of",integral_part_of2("heart morphogenesis","heart development"),GO).

(integral_part_of2(uX,uY) <-> part_of_some2(uX,uY) & has_part_some2(uY,uX)).

relation1("has_integral_part").

type_type1("has_integral_part").

type_level_only1("has_integral_part").

label2("has_integral_part","has_integral_part").

subrelation2("has_integral_part","has_part_some").

transitive1("has_integral_part").

anti_symmetric1("has_integral_part").

reflexive1("has_integral_part").

exported_identifier2("has_integral_part","OBO_REL_C:0000005").

text_definition2("has_integral_part","Type level inverse of integral_part_of. C has_integral_part C' if and only if: C has_part C' AND C' part_of C").

(has_integral_part2(uX,uY) <-> part_of_some2(uY,uX) & has_part_some2(uX,uY)).

relation1("proper_part_of").

instance_instance1("proper_part_of").

label2("proper_part_of","proper_part_of").

subrelation2("proper_part_of","part_of").

inverse_of2("proper_part_of","has_proper_part").

normative_direction_for2("proper_part_of","proper_part").

transitive1("proper_part_of").

proper_subrelation2("proper_part_of","part_of").

exported_identifier2("proper_part_of","OBO_REL_I:0000006").

text_definition2("proper_part_of","As for part_of, with the additional constraint that subject and object are distinct").

text_definition_xref2("proper_part_of","PMID:15892874").

(proper_part_of2(x,y) <-> part_of2(x,y) & -(part_of2(y,x))).

relation1("proper_part_of_some").

type_type1("proper_part_of_some").

all_some2("proper_part_of_some","proper_part_of").

label2("proper_part_of_some","proper_part_of").

subrelation2("proper_part_of_some","part_of_some").

transitive1("proper_part_of_some").

exported_identifier2("proper_part_of_some","OBO_REL_C:0000006").

text_definition2("proper_part_of_some","As for part_of_some, with the additional constraint that subject and object are distinct").

text_definition_xref2("proper_part_of_some","PMID:15892874").

relation1("has_proper_part").

instance_instance1("has_proper_part").

label2("has_proper_part","has_proper_part").

subrelation2("has_proper_part","has_part").

inverse_of2("has_proper_part","proper_part_of").

transitive1("has_proper_part").

text_definition2("has_proper_part","As for has_part, with the additional constraint that subject and object are distinct").

exported_identifier2("has_proper_part","OBO_REL_I:0000007").

relation1("has_proper_part_some").

type_type1("has_proper_part_some").

all_some2("has_proper_part_some","has_proper_part").

label2("has_proper_part_some","has_proper_part").

subrelation2("has_proper_part_some","has_part_some").

transitive1("has_proper_part_some").

exported_identifier2("has_proper_part_some","OBO_REL_C:0000007").

relation1("adjacent_to").

instance_instance1("adjacent_to").

label2("adjacent_to","adjacent_to").

symmetric1("adjacent_to").

comment2("adjacent_to","Note that adjacent_to is only symmetric at the instance level").

exported_identifier2("adjacent_to","OBO_REL_I:0000012").

text_definition2("adjacent_to","c adjacent to c' if and only if: c and c' are in spatial proximity").

domain2("adjacent_to",IndependentContinuant).

range2("adjacent_to",IndependentContinuant).

(adjacent_to2(x,y) -> -(overlaps2(x,y))).

relation1("adjacent_to_some").

type_type1("adjacent_to_some").

all_some_all_times2("adjacent_to_some","adjacent_to").

label2("adjacent_to_some","adjacent_to").

comment2("adjacent_to_some","Note that adjacent_to_some as defined is not a symmetric relation, in contrast to its instance-level counterpart. For it can be the case that Cs are in general such as to be adjacent to instances of C1 while no analogous statement holds for C1s in general in relation to instances of C. Examples are: nuclear membrane adjacent_to_some cytoplasm; seminal vesicle adjacent_to_some urinary bladder; ovary adjacent_to_some parietal pelvic peritoneum").

exported_identifier2("adjacent_to_some","OBO_REL_C:0000012").

text_definition2("adjacent_to_some","C adjacent to C' if and only if: given any instance c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c and c' are in spatial proximity").

text_definition_xref2("adjacent_to_some","PMID:15892874").

relation1("contained_in").

instance_instance1("contained_in").

label2("contained_in","contained_in").

inverse_of2("contained_in","contains").

normative_direction_for2("contained_in","containment").

comment2("contained_in","Containment obtains in each case between material and immaterial continuants, for instance: lung contained_in thoracic cavity; bladder contained_in pelvic cavity. Hence containment is not a transitive relation.    If c part_of c1 at t then we have also, by our definition and by the axioms of mereology applied to spatial regions, c located_in c1 at t. Thus, many examples of instance-level location relations for continuants are in fact cases of instance-level parthood. For material continuants location and parthood coincide. Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. To understand this relation, we first define overlap for continuants as follows:    c1 overlap c2 at t =def for some c, c part_of c1 at t and c part_of c2 at t. The containment relation on the instance level can then be defined (see definition):").

exported_identifier2("contained_in","OBO_REL_I:0000010").

text_definition2("contained_in","c contained_in c' at t if and only if: c located_in c' at t, and it is not the case that c *overlaps* c' at t. (c' is a conduit or cavity.)").

text_definition_xref2("contained_in","PMID:15892874").

holds_temporally1("contained_in").

domain2("contained_in",IndependentContinuant).

range2("contained_in",IndependentContinuant).

(contained_in3(x,y,t) <-> located_in3(x,y,t) & -(overlaps3(x,y,t))).

relation1("contained_in_some").

type_type1("contained_in_some").

holds_over2("contained_in_some","contained_in").

all_some_all_times2("contained_in_some","contained_in").

label2("contained_in_some","contained_in").

exported_identifier2("contained_in_some","OBO_REL_C:0000010").

text_definition2("contained_in_some","C contained_in_some C' if and only if: given any instance c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c located_in c' at t, and it is not the case that c *overlaps* c' at t. (c' is a conduit or cavity.)").

text_definition_xref2("contained_in_some","PMID:15892874").

relation1("contains").

instance_instance1("contains").

label2("contains","contains").

inverse_of2("contains","contained_in").

exported_identifier2("contains","OBO_REL_I:0000011").

relation1("contains_some").

type_type1("contains_some").

label2("contains_some","contains").

exported_identifier2("contains_some","OBO_REL_C:0000011").

relation1("located_in").

label2("located_in","located_in").

domain2("located_in",Continuant).

range2("located_in",IndependentContinuant).

inverse_of2("located_in","location_of").

normative_direction_for2("located_in","location").

transitive1("located_in").

reflexive1("located_in").

transitive_over2("located_in","part_of").

comment2("located_in","Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus").

exported_identifier2("located_in","OBO_REL_I:0000008").

text_definition2("located_in",Primitive).

text_definition_xref2("located_in","PMID:15892874").

(located_in2(c,c1) <-> part_of2(regionFn1(c),regionFn1(c1))).

relation1("located_in_some").

type_type1("located_in_some").

all_some_all_times2("located_in_some","located_in").

label2("located_in_some","located_in").

type_domain2("located_in_some",Continuant).

type_range2("located_in_some",Continuant).

transitive1("located_in_some").

reflexive1("located_in_some").

transitive_over2("located_in_some","part_of_some").

exported_identifier2("located_in_some","OBO_REL_C:0000008").

text_definition2("located_in_some","C located_in_some C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c *located_in* c'. (Here *located_in* is the instance-level location relation.)").

text_definition_xref2("located_in","PMID:15892874").

relation1("location_of").

label2("location_of","location_of").

domain2("location_of",Continuant).

range2("location_of",Continuant).

inverse_of2("location_of","located_in").

transitive1("location_of").

reflexive1("location_of").

exported_identifier2("location_of","OBO_REL_I:0000009").

relation1("location_of_some").

type_type1("location_of_some").

all_some_all_times2("location_of_some","location_of").

label2("location_of_some","location_of").

type_domain2("location_of_some",Continuant).

type_range2("location_of_some",Continuant).

transitive1("location_of_some").

reflexive1("location_of_some").

text_definition2("location_of_some","C location_of_some C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c *location_of* c'. (Here *location_of* is the instance-level location relation, @OBO_REL_I:0000009@.)").

exported_identifier2("location_of_some","OBO_REL_C:0000009").

relation1("overlaps").

label2("overlaps","overlaps").

domain2("overlaps",IndependentContinuant).

range2("overlaps",IndependentContinuant).

symmetric1("overlaps").

reflexive1("overlaps").

intransitive1("overlaps").

text_definition2("overlaps","x overlaps y if and only if: there is some z such that: z part_of x and z part_of y (i.e. x and y share a part)").

comment2("overlaps","note that the definition of overlaps includes the case where x is part_of y - for example, a nucleus overlaps a cell. We also have the *partial_overlaps* relation for those cases where x and y overlap but neither is part of the other").

exported_identifier2("overlaps","OBO_REL_I:0000201").

(overlaps2(x,y) <->  exists z (part_of2(z,x) & part_of2(z,y))).

(exists_at2(x,t) &  all z ((overlaps3(z,x,t) -> overlaps3(y,x,t))) -> part_of3(x,y,t)).

relation1("overlaps_some").

type_type1("overlaps_some").

label2("overlaps_some","overlaps").

comment2("overlaps_some","Note that overlaps is symmetric on the instance level but not the type level").

all_some_all_times2("overlaps_some","overlaps").

reflexive1("overlaps_some").

example2("overlaps_some","uterine tract overlaps urogenital system  but NOT urogenital system overlaps uterine tracts").

exported_identifier2("overlaps_some","OBO_REL_C:0000201").

relation1("partially_overlaps").

subrelation2("partially_overlaps","overlaps").

label2("partially_overlaps","partially_overlaps").

example3("partially_overlaps","A National Park whose area is included in two counties would have this relationship to each of the counties.",GAZ).

domain2("partially_overlaps",IndependentContinuant).

range2("partially_overlaps",IndependentContinuant).

intransitive1("partially_overlap").

symmetric1("partially_overlap").

exported_identifier2("partially_overlaps","OBO_REL_I:0000202").

text_definition2("partially_overlaps","x partially_overlaps y if and only if: x overlaps y and neither x is part_of y not y is part_of x").

(partially_overlaps2(x,y) <-> overlaps2(x,y) & -(part_of2(x,y)) & -(part_of2(y,x))).

relation1("underlaps").

label2("underlaps","underlaps").

domain2("underlaps",IndependentContinuant).

range2("underlaps",IndependentContinuant).

symmetric1("underlaps").

reflexive1("underlaps").

intransitive1("underlaps").

exported_identifier2("underlaps","OBO_REL_I:0000210").

(underlaps2(x,y) <->  exists z (part_of2(x,z) & part_of2(y,z))).

relation1("has_participant").

instance_instance1("has_participant").

label2("has_participant","has_participant").

domain2("has_participant",Occurrent).

range2("has_participant",IndependentContinuant).

inverse_of2("has_participant","participates_in").

normative_direction_for2("has_participant","participation").

text_definition2("has_participant","Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.").

exported_identifier2("has_participant","OBO_REL_I:0000019").

text_definition_xref2("has_participant","PMID:15892874").

holds_temporally_between3("has_participant",Occurrent,Continuant).

holds_over_chain3("has_participant","realizes","inheres_in").

transitive_over2("has_participant","part_of").

relation1("has_participant_some").

type_type1("has_participant_some").

all_some2("has_participant_some","has_participant").

label2("has_participant_some","has_participant").

type_domain2("has_participant_some",Occurrent).

type_range2("has_participant_some",IndependentContinuant).

exported_identifier2("has_participant_some","OBO_REL_C:0000019").

text_definition2("has_participant_some","P has_participant_some C if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P there is some continuant c, and some time t, such that: c instantiates C at t and c participates in p at t").

text_definition_xref2("has_participant_some","PMID:15892874").

relation1("participates_in").

instance_instance1("participates_in").

label2("participates_in","participates_in").

domain2("participates_in",IndependentContinuant).

range2("participates_in",Occurrent).

inverse_of2("participates_in","has_participant").

exported_identifier2("participates_in","OBO_REL_I:0000020").

holds_temporally_between3("participates_in",Continuant,Occurrent).

holds_over_chain3("participates_in","has_bearer","realized_by").

relation1("participates_in_some").

type_type1("participates_in_some").

all_some2("participates_in_some","participates_in").

label2("participates_in_some","participates_in").

type_domain2("participates_in_some",IndependentContinuant).

type_range2("participates_in_some",Occurrent).

exported_identifier2("participates_in_some","OBO_REL_C:0000020").

text_definition2("participates_in_some","C participates_in_some P if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P there is some continuant c, and some time t, such that: c instantiates C at t and c participates in p at t").

relation1("has_agent").

instance_instance1("has_agent").

label2("has_agent","has_agent").

subrelation2("has_agent","has_participant").

type_domain2("has_agent",Occurrent).

type_range2("has_agent",IndependentContinuant).

inverse_of2("has_agent","agent_in").

normative_direction_for2("has_agent","agency").

exported_identifier2("has_agent","OBO_REL_I:0000021").

text_definition2("has_agent","As for has_participant, but with the additional condition that the component instance is causally active in the relevant process").

text_definition_xref2("has_agent","PMID:15892874").

relation1("has_agent_some").

type_type1("has_agent_some").

all_some2("has_agent_some","has_agent").

label2("has_agent_some","has_agent").

subrelation2("has_agent_some","has_participant_some").

type_domain2("has_agent_some",Occurrent).

type_range2("has_agent_some",IndependentContinuant).

exported_identifier2("has_agent_some","OBO_REL_C:0000021").

text_definition2("has_agent_some","P has_agent_some C if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P there is some continuant c, and some time t, such that: c instantiates C at t and c has_agent p at t").

text_definition_xref2("has_agent_some","PMID:15892874").

relation1("agent_in").

instance_instance1("agent_in").

label2("agent_in","agent_in").

subrelation2("agent_in","participates_in").

domain2("agent_in",IndependentContinuant).

range2("agent_in",Occurrent).

inverse_of2("agent_in","has_agent").

exported_identifier2("agent_in","OBO_REL_I:0000022").

instance_level1("agent_id").

relation1("agent_in_some").

type_type1("agent_in_some").

all_some2("agent_in_some","agent_in").

label2("agent_in_some","agent_in").

subrelation2("agent_in_some","participates_in_some").

type_domain2("agent_in_some",IndependentContinuant).

type_range2("agent_in_some",Occurrent).

exported_identifier2("agent_in_some","OBO_REL_C:0000022").

relation1("inheres_in").

instance_instance1("inheres_in").

label2("inheres_in","inheres_in").

inverse_of2("inheres_in","bearer_of").

normative_direction_for2("inheres_in","inherence").

comment2("inheres_in","This relation links qualities, functions, dispositions and other dependent continuants to their bearers. Examples: The redness that ineres in a Drosophila eye; Catalytic activity function inheres_in catalytic molecule.").

exact_synonym2("inheres_in","has_bearer").

exported_identifier2("inheres_in","OBO_REL_I:0000026").

text_definition2("inheres_in","A primitive relation that holds between a dependent continuant instance and a bearer").

domain2("inheres_in",DependentContinuant).

holds_temporally_between3("inheres_in",DependentContinuant,Entity).

relation1("inheres_in_some").

type_type1("inheres_in_some").

label2("inheres_in_some","inheres_in").

exported_identifier2("inheres_in_some","OBO_REL_C:0000026").

text_definition2("inheres_in_some","A relation between a dependent continuant D and an entity E. D inheres_in E iff: given any d that instantiates D at t, there exists some e that instantiates E at t and d *inheres_in* e at t. Here *inheres_in* is the primitive instance level relation, OBO_REL_I:0000026.").

all_some_all_times2("inheres_in_some","inheres_in").

relation1("bearer_of").

instance_instance1("bearer_of").

label2("bearer_of","bearer_of").

inverse_of2("bearer_of","inheres_in").

exact_synonym2("bearer_of","has_inherent").

exact_synonym2("bearer_of","has_inherer").

exact_synonym2("bearer_of","bears").

exact_synonym2("bearer_of","is_bearer_of").

exported_identifier2("bearer_of","OBO_REL_I:0000027").

text_definition2("bearer_of","A relation between an entity and a dependent continuant; the reciprocal relation of inheres_in").

range2("bearer_of",DependentContinuant).

relation1("bearer_of_some").

type_type1("bearer_of_some").

label2("bearer_of_some","bearer_of").

comment2("bearer_of_some","Examples: red eye bearer_of_some redness").

exact_synonym2("bearer_of_some","has_inherent").

exact_synonym2("bearer_of_some","has_inherer").

exported_identifier2("bearer_of_some","OBO_REL_C:0000027").

text_definition2("bearer_of_some","C bearer_of_some DC if and only if : given any continuant c that instantiates C at t, there exists some c that instantiates C at t and d *inheres_in* c at t. Here *inheres_in* is the primitive instance level relation, @OBO_REL_I:0000026@.").

all_some_all_times2("bearer_of_some","bearer_of").

relation1("quality_of").

label2("quality_of","quality_of").

equivalent_relation_between4("quality_of","specifically_inheres_in",Quality,Entity).

subrelation2("quality_of","inheres_in").

inverse_of2("quality_of","has_quality").

functional1("quality_of").

normative_direction_for2("quality_of","quality").

exact_synonym2("quality_of","is_quality_of").

exported_identifier2("quality_of","OBO_REL_I:0000028").

text_definition2("quality_of","A relation between a quality Q and an entity E. Q quality_of E iff: Q inheres_in E and Q is a quality").

domain2("quality_of",Quality).

relation1("quality_of_some").

type_type1("quality_of_some").

label2("quality_of_some","quality_of").

subrelation2("quality_of_some","inheres_in_some").

exact_synonym2("quality_of_some","is_all_quality_of").

exported_identifier2("quality_of_some","OBO_REL_C:0000028").

text_definition2("quality_of_some","A relation between a quality Q and an entity E. Q quality_of_some E iff: Q inheres_in E and Q is a quality").

all_some_all_times2("quality_of_some","quality_of").

relation1("has_quality").

label2("has_quality","has_quality").

subrelation2("has_quality","bearer_of").

inverse_of2("has_quality","quality_of").

exported_identifier2("has_quality","OBO_REL_I:0000029").

text_definition2("has_quality","A relation between an entity and a quality. For types: E has_quality Q iff: for any eEt, exists qQt such that q inheres_in e at t. For instances: e has_quality q at t iff q inheres_in e at t and q instance-of Quality").

range2("has_quality",Quality).

relation1("has_quality_some").

type_type1("has_quality_some").

label2("has_quality_some","has_quality").

subrelation2("has_quality_some","bearer_of_some").

exported_identifier2("has_quality_some","OBO_REL_C:0000029").

text_definition2("has_quality_some","A relation between an entity and a quality. For types: E has_quality_some Q iff: for any eEt, exists qQt such that q inheres_in e at t. For instances: e has_quality_some q at t iff q inheres_in e at t and q instance-of Quality").

all_some_all_times2("has_quality_some","has_quality").

relation1("function_of").

label2("function_of","function_of").

subrelation2("function_of","inheres_in").

equivalent_relation_between4("function_of","inheres_in",Function,IndependentContinuant).

inverse_of2("function_of","has_function").

normative_direction_for2("function_of","function").

comment2("function_of","Example: 'to blood pump' function_of 'heart'").

exported_identifier2("function_of","OBO_REL_I:0000030").

text_definition2("function_of","f function_of c at t iff : f inheres_in c at t and f instantiates a function").

domain2("function_of",Function).

range2("function_of",IndependentContinuant).

relation1("function_of_some").

type_type1("function_of_some").

label2("function_of_some","function_of").

subrelation2("function_of_some","inheres_in_some").

comment2("function_of_some","Example: 'to blood pump' function_of_some 'heart'").

exported_identifier2("function_of_some","OBO_REL_C:0000030").

text_definition2("function_of_some","F function_of C iff : for any f, t such that f instantiates F at t, there exists some c such that c instantiates C at t and f *function_of* C at t").

all_some_all_times2("function_of_some","function_of").

relation1("has_function").

label2("has_function","has_function").

subrelation2("has_function","bearer_of").

equivalent_relation_between4("has_function","bearer_of",IndependentContinuant,Function).

inverse_of2("has_function","function_of").

comment2("has_function","heart has_function to-pump-blood").

exported_identifier2("has_function","OBO_REL_I:0000031").

text_definition2("has_function","Relation between an independent continuant and a function.").

domain2("has_function",IndependentContinuant).

range2("has_function",Function).

relation1("has_function_some").

type_type1("has_function_some").

label2("has_function_some","has_function").

subrelation2("has_function_some","bearer_of_some").

comment2("has_function_some","heart has_function_some to-pump-blood").

exported_identifier2("has_function_some","OBO_REL_C:0000031").

text_definition2("has_function_some","Relation between an independent continuant and a function.").

all_some_all_times2("has_function_some","has_function").

relation1("role_of").

functional1("role_of").

label2("role_of","role_of").

subrelation2("role_of","inheres_in").

equivalent_relation_between4("role_of","inheres_in",Role,IndependentContinuant).

inverse_of2("role_of","has_role").

normative_direction_for2("role_of","role").

exported_identifier2("role_of","OBO_REL_I:0000032").

text_definition2("role_of","A relation between a role r and a continuant c. r role_of c at t iff: r inheres_in c at t and r instance_of Role at t").

domain2("role_of",Role).

range2("role_of",IndependentContinuant).

relation1("role_of_some").

type_type1("role_of_some").

label2("role_of_some","role_of").

subrelation2("role_of_some","inheres_in_some").

comment2("role_of_some","Example: 'to blood pump' function_of 'heart'").

exported_identifier2("role_of_some","OBO_REL_C:0000032").

text_definition2("role_of_some","A relation between a role R and an entity E. R role_of_some E iff: R inheres_in_some E and R is_a role").

all_some_all_times2("role_of_some","role_of").

relation1("has_role").

label2("has_role","has_role").

equivalent_relation_between4("has_role","bearer_of",IndependentContinuant,Role).

subrelation2("has_role","bearer_of").

inverse_of2("has_role","role_of").

exported_identifier2("has_role","OBO_REL_I:0000033").

text_definition2("has_role","A relation between a continuant C and a role R. The inverse_of role_of.").

domain2("has_role",IndependentContinuant).

range2("has_role",Role).

relation1("has_role_some").

type_type1("has_role_some").

label2("has_role_some","has_role").

subrelation2("has_role_some","bearer_of_some").

exported_identifier2("has_role_some","OBO_REL_C:0000033").

text_definition2("has_role_some","A relation between a continuant C and a role R. The reciprocal relation of role_of.").

all_some_all_times2("has_role_some","has_role").

relation1("realizes").

label2("realizes","realizes").

inverse_of2("realizes","realized_by").

comment2("realizes","in BFO realizable is the parent of function, role and disposition. We should also have realization_of and has_realizable for consistency. Will the terminology get too confusing?").

narrow_synonym2("realizes","is_realization_of").

narrow_synonym2("realizes","realization_of").

narrow_synonym2("realizes","is_functioning_of").

narrow_synonym2("realizes","executes").

exported_identifier2("realizes","OBO_REL_I:0000034").

text_definition2("realizes","Relation between a process and a realizable entity").

example3("realizes",realizes2("reaction1","function1"),"\"\"").

domain2("realizes",Process).

range2("realizes",RealizableEntity).

relation1("realizes_some").

type_type1("realizes_some").

label2("realizes_some","realizes").

comment2("realizes_some","The process of 'histidine catabolism' (GO:0006548) realizes_some the function 'histidine ammonia lyase activity' (GO:0004397) (note: here 'activity' denotes a function and not a process). We leave open the possibility of defining in future the sub-relations directly_realizes_some (as bewteen a function and it's functioning) and indirectly_realizes").

narrow_synonym2("realizes_some","is_realization_of").

narrow_synonym2("realizes_some","realization_of").

narrow_synonym2("realizes_some","has_function_part").

exported_identifier2("realizes_some","OBO_REL_C:0000034").

text_definition2("realizes_some","Relation between a process and a realizable entity. P /realizes_some/ F iff: given any p that instantiates P, there exists some f, t such that f instantiates F at t and p *realizes* f. Here, *realizes* is the primitive instance level relation").

all_some2("realizes_some","realizes").

relation1("realized_by").

label2("realized_by","realized_by").

inverse_of2("realized_by","realizes").

transitive_over2("realized_by","part_of").

normative_direction_for2("realized_by","realization").

related_synonym2("realized_by","executed_during").

narrow_synonym2("realized_by","realized_as").

narrow_synonym2("realized_by","is_realized_as").

narrow_synonym2("realized_by","executed_by").

narrow_synonym2("realized_by","has_realization").

narrow_synonym2("realized_by","has_functioning").

exported_identifier2("realized_by","OBO_REL_I:0000035").

text_definition2("realized_by","Relation between a realizable entity (such as a function or role) and a process.").

example3("realized_by",realized_by2("function1","reaction1"),"\"\"").

domain2("realized_by",RealizableEntity).

range2("realized_by",Process).

relation1("realized_by_some").

type_type1("realized_by_some").

label2("realized_by_some","realized_by").

related_synonym2("realized_by_some","executed_during").

narrow_synonym2("realized_by_some","has_realization").

exported_identifier2("realized_by_some","OBO_REL_C:0000035").

text_definition2("realized_by_some","F realized_by P iff every instance of F is realized_by some instance of P").

all_some2("realized_by_some","realized_by").

relation1("derives_from").

label2("derives_from","derives_from").

label2("derives_from","derives_from").

domain2("derives_from",Continuant).

range2("derives_from",Continuant).

inverse_of2("derives_from","derived_into").

transitive1("derives_from").

normative_direction_for2("derives_from","derives").

comment2("derives_from","Derivation as a relation between instances. The temporal relation of derivation is more complex. Transformation, on the instance level, is just the relation of identity: each adult is identical to some child existing at some earlier time. Derivation on the instance-level is a relation holding between non-identicals. More precisely, it holds between distinct material continuants when one succeeds the other across a temporal divide in such a way that at least a biologically significant portion of the matter of the earlier continuant is inherited by the later. Thus we will have axioms to the effect that from c derives_from c1 we can infer that c and c1 are not identical and that there is some instant of time t such that c1 exists only prior to and c only subsequent to t. We will also be able to infer that the spatial region occupied by c as it begins to exist at t overlaps with the spatial region occupied by c1 as it ceases to exist in the same instant.").

exact_synonym2("derives_from","derived_from").

exported_identifier2("derives_from","OBO_REL_I:0000015").

text_definition2("derives_from","Derivation on the instance level (*derives_from*) holds between distinct material continuants when one succeeds the other across a temporal divide in such a way that at least a biologically significant portion of the matter of the earlier continuant is inherited by the later.").

text_definition_xref2("derives_from","PMID:15892874").

(derives_from2(c,c1) ->  exists t (only_exists_prior_to2(c1,t) & only_exists_subsequent_to2(c,t))).

(only_exists_prior_to2(c,t) <->  exists t1 (exists_at2(c,t1) & earlier_than2(t1,t)) & (exists_at2(c,t2) -> earlier_than2(t,t2))).

(only_exists_subsequent_to2(c,t) <->  exists t1 (exists_at2(c,t1) & earlier_than2(t,t1)) & (exists_at2(c,t2) -> earlier_than2(t2,t))).

relation1("derives_from_some").

type_type1("derives_from_some").

label2("derives_from_some","derives_from").

transitive1("derives_from_some").

comment2("derives_from_some","C derives_from_some class C' if instances of C are connected to instances of C' via some chain of instance-level derivation relations. Example: osteocyte derives_from_some osteoblast").

exact_synonym2("derives_from_some","derived_from").

exported_identifier2("derives_from_some","OBO_REL_C:0000015").

text_definition2("derives_from_some","C derives_immediately_from C' if and only if: given any c and any t, if c instantiates C at time t, then there is some c' and some t', such that c' instantiates C' at t' and t' earlier-than t and c *derives_from* c'. C derives_from_some C' if and only if: there is an chain of immediate derivation relations connecting C to C'.").

text_definition_xref2("derives_from_some","PMID:15892874").

image_xref2("derives_from_some","http://genomebiology.com/content/figures/gb-2005-6-5-r46-3.jpg").

relation1("derived_into").

label2("derived_into","derived_into").

domain2("derived_into",Continuant).

range2("derived_into",Continuant).

inverse_of2("derived_into","derives_from").

transitive1("derived_into").

exported_identifier2("derived_into","OBO_REL_I:0000016").

relation1("transformation_of").

type_type1("transformation_of").

type_level_only1("transformation_of").

label2("transformation_of","transformation_of").

instance_domain2("transformation_of",Continuant).

instance_range2("transformation_of",Continuant).

transitive1("transformation_of").

comment2("transformation_of","When an embryonic oenocyte (a type of insect cell) is transformed into a larval oenocyte, one and the same continuant entity preserves its identity while instantiating distinct classes at distinct times. The class-level relation transformation_of obtains between continuant classes C and C1 wherever each instance of the class C is such as to have existed at some earlier time as an instance of the distinct class C1 (see Figure 2 in paper). This relation is illustrated first of all at the molecular level of granularity by the relation between mature RNA and the pre-RNA from which it is processed, or between (UV-induced) thymine-dimer and thymine dinucleotide. At coarser levels of granularity it is illustrated by the transformations involved in the creation of red blood cells, for example, from reticulocyte to erythrocyte, and by processes of development, for example, from larva to pupa, or from (post-gastrular) embryo to fetus or from child to adult. It is also manifest in pathological transformations, for example, of normal colon into carcinomatous colon. In each such case, one and the same continuant entity instantiates distinct classes at different times in virtue of phenotypic changes.").

exported_identifier2("transformation_of","OBO_REL_C:0000013").

text_definition2("transformation_of","Relation between two classes, in which instances retain their identity yet change their classification by virtue of some kind of transformation. Formally: C transformation_of C' if and only if given any c and any t, if c instantiates C at time t, then for some t', c instantiates C' at t' and t' earlier t, and there is no t2 such that c instantiates C at t2 and c instantiates C' at t2.").

text_definition_xref2("transformation_of","PMID:15892874").

image_xref2("transformation_of","http://genomebiology.com/content/figures/gb-2005-6-5-r46-2-l.jpg").

(transformation_of2(uC,uC1) <-> (instance_of3(c,uC,t) ->  exists t1 (instance_of3(c,uC1,t1) & earlier_than2(t1,t) & -( exists t2 (instance_of3(c,uC,t2) & instance_of3(c,uC1,t2)))))).

relation1("exists_at").

text_definition2("exists_at","A primitive relation between a continuant and an instant of time.").

label2("exists_at","exists_at").

domain2("exists_at",Continuant).

range2("exists_at",TemporalInstant).

exported_identifier2("exists_at","OBO_REL_I:0000040").

(exists_at2(i,t) <->  exists uU (instance_of3(i,uU,t))).

(exists_at2(c,t) <->  exists p (has_participant3(p,c,t))).

relation1("occurs_at").

label2("occurs_at","occurs_at").

domain2("occurs_at",Occurrent).

range2("occurs_at",TemporalInstant).

exported_identifier2("occurs_at","OBO_REL_I:0000041").

(occurs_at2(p,t) <->  exists c (has_participant3(p,c,t))).

relation1("preceded_by").

label2("preceded_by","preceded_by").

domain2("preceded_by",Occurrent).

range2("preceded_by",Occurrent).

inverse_of2("preceded_by","precedes").

transitive1("preceded_by").

comment2("preceded_by","An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C.    The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other.").

exported_identifier2("preceded_by","OBO_REL_I:0000017").

text_definition2("preceded_by","P preceded_by P' if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some process p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t', and t' is earlier than t. ").

text_definition_xref2("preceded_by","PMID:15892874").

(preceded_by2(p,p1) <-> (occurs_at2(p,t) & occurs_at2(p1,t1) -> earlier_than2(t1,t))).

relation1("first_instant_of").

label2("first_instant_of","first_instant_of").

exported_identifier2("first_instant_of","OBO_REL_I:0000042").

(first_instant_of2(t,p) <-> occurs_at2(p,t) & (earlier_than2(t1,t) -> -(occurs_at2(p,t1)))).

relation1("last_instant_of").

label2("last_instant_of","last_instant_of").

exported_identifier2("last_instant_of","OBO_REL_I:0000043").

(last_instant_of2(t,p) <-> occurs_at2(p,t) & (earlier_than2(t,t1) -> -(occurs_at2(p,t1)))).

relation1("immediately_preceded_by").

label2("immediately_preceded_by","immediately_preceded_by").

exported_identifier2("immediately_preceded_by","OBO_REL_I:0000044").

(immediately_preceded_by2(p,p1) <->  exists t (first_instant_of2(t,p) & last_instant_of2(t,p1))).

relation1("has_duration").

label2("has_duration","has_duration").

domain2("has_duration",Occurrent).

range2("has_duration",TemporalInterval).

text_definition2("has_duration","Instance level relation between an occurrent and a temporal interval, such that the two temporally coincide. The interval is defined by the start and end of the process.").

exported_identifier2("has_duration","OBO_REL_I:0000045").

(has_duration2(p,y) <-> instance_of2(p,Occurrent) &  exists t1 (first_instant_of2(t1,p)) &  exists t2 (last_instant_of2(t2,p)) & (earlier_than2(t1,t) & earlier_than2(t,t2) -> occurs_at2(p,t)) & (y = interval2(t1,t2))).

relation1("preceded_by_some").

type_type1("preceded_by_some").

label2("preceded_by_some","preceded_by").

type_domain2("preceded_by_some",Occurrent).

type_range2("preceded_by_some",Occurrent).

transitive1("preceded_by_some").

comment2("preceded_by_some","An example is: translation preceded_by_some transcription; aging preceded_by_some development (not however death preceded_by_some aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C.    The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other.").

exported_identifier2("preceded_by_some","OBO_REL_C:0000017").

text_definition2("preceded_by_some","P preceded_by_some P' if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some process p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t', and t' is earlier than t. ").

text_definition_xref2("preceded_by_some","PMID:15892874").

relation1("precedes").

label2("precedes","precedes").

domain2("precedes",Occurrent).

range2("precedes",Occurrent).

inverse_of2("precedes","preceded_by").

transitive1("precedes").

exported_identifier2("precedes","OBO_REL_I:0000018").

relation1("earlier_than").

label2("earlier_than","earlier_than").

broad_synonym2("earlier_than","<").

exact_synonym2("earlier_than","earlier").

exact_synonym2("earlier_than","before").

domain2("earlier_than",TemporalInstant).

range2("earlier_than",TemporalInstant).

transitive1("earlier_than").

comment2("earlier_than","earlier_than is treated as a primitive in RO. Neuhaus & Osumi-Sutherland treat befsim as the primitive").

text_definition_xref2("earlier_than","PMID:15892874").

relation1("occurs_in").

label2("occurs_in","occurs_in").

exact_synonym2("occurs_in","unfolds_in").

exact_synonym2("occurs_in","process_located_in").

holds_over_chain3("occurs_in","has_participant","located_in").

exported_identifier2("occurs_in","OBO_REL_I:0000064").

text_definition2("occurs_in","p occurs_in s at t : the participants of of p are spatially contained by s at t.").

(occurs_in3(p,s,t) <->  all c ((has_participant3(p,c,t) -> located_in3(c,s,t)))).

relation1("occurs_in_some").

type_type1("occurs_in_some").

all_some_all_times2("occurs_in_some","occurs_in").

comment2("occurs_in_some","Example: oocyte axis determination : The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of an axis in the oocyte. This process occurs_in the oocyte").

holds_over_chain3("occurs_in_some","has_participant_some","located_in_some").

exported_identifier2("occurs_in_some","OBO_REL_C:0000064").

label2("occurs_in_some","occurs_in_some").

% functional(quality_of)
(quality_of2(x,y) & quality_of2(x,z) -> (y = z)).

% functional(role_of)
(role_of2(x,y) & role_of2(x,z) -> (y = z)).

% functional(quality_of)
(quality_of3(x,y,t) & quality_of3(x,z,t) -> (y = z)).

% functional(role_of)
(role_of3(x,y,t) & role_of3(x,z,t) -> (y = z)).

% transitive(is_a)
(is_a2(x,y) & is_a2(y,z) -> is_a2(x,z)).

% transitive(part_of)
(part_of2(x,y) & part_of2(y,z) -> part_of2(x,z)).

% transitive(part_of_some)
(part_of_some2(x,y) & part_of_some2(y,z) -> part_of_some2(x,z)).

% transitive(has_part)
(has_part2(x,y) & has_part2(y,z) -> has_part2(x,z)).

% transitive(has_part_some)
(has_part_some2(x,y) & has_part_some2(y,z) -> has_part_some2(x,z)).

% transitive(integral_part_of)
(integral_part_of2(x,y) & integral_part_of2(y,z) -> integral_part_of2(x,z)).

% transitive(has_integral_part)
(has_integral_part2(x,y) & has_integral_part2(y,z) -> has_integral_part2(x,z)).

% transitive(proper_part_of)
(proper_part_of2(x,y) & proper_part_of2(y,z) -> proper_part_of2(x,z)).

% transitive(proper_part_of_some)
(proper_part_of_some2(x,y) & proper_part_of_some2(y,z) -> proper_part_of_some2(x,z)).

% transitive(has_proper_part)
(has_proper_part2(x,y) & has_proper_part2(y,z) -> has_proper_part2(x,z)).

% transitive(has_proper_part_some)
(has_proper_part_some2(x,y) & has_proper_part_some2(y,z) -> has_proper_part_some2(x,z)).

% transitive(located_in)
(located_in2(x,y) & located_in2(y,z) -> located_in2(x,z)).

% transitive(located_in_some)
(located_in_some2(x,y) & located_in_some2(y,z) -> located_in_some2(x,z)).

% transitive(location_of)
(location_of2(x,y) & location_of2(y,z) -> location_of2(x,z)).

% transitive(location_of_some)
(location_of_some2(x,y) & location_of_some2(y,z) -> location_of_some2(x,z)).

% transitive(derives_from)
(derives_from2(x,y) & derives_from2(y,z) -> derives_from2(x,z)).

% transitive(derives_from_some)
(derives_from_some2(x,y) & derives_from_some2(y,z) -> derives_from_some2(x,z)).

% transitive(derived_into)
(derived_into2(x,y) & derived_into2(y,z) -> derived_into2(x,z)).

% transitive(transformation_of)
(transformation_of2(x,y) & transformation_of2(y,z) -> transformation_of2(x,z)).

% transitive(preceded_by)
(preceded_by2(x,y) & preceded_by2(y,z) -> preceded_by2(x,z)).

% transitive(preceded_by_some)
(preceded_by_some2(x,y) & preceded_by_some2(y,z) -> preceded_by_some2(x,z)).

% transitive(precedes)
(precedes2(x,y) & precedes2(y,z) -> precedes2(x,z)).

% transitive(earlier_than)
(earlier_than2(x,y) & earlier_than2(y,z) -> earlier_than2(x,z)).

% transitive(is_a)
(is_a3(x,y,t) & is_a3(y,z,t) -> is_a3(x,z,t)).

% transitive(part_of)
(part_of3(x,y,t) & part_of3(y,z,t) -> part_of3(x,z,t)).

% transitive(part_of_some)
(part_of_some3(x,y,t) & part_of_some3(y,z,t) -> part_of_some3(x,z,t)).

% transitive(has_part)
(has_part3(x,y,t) & has_part3(y,z,t) -> has_part3(x,z,t)).

% transitive(has_part_some)
(has_part_some3(x,y,t) & has_part_some3(y,z,t) -> has_part_some3(x,z,t)).

% transitive(integral_part_of)
(integral_part_of3(x,y,t) & integral_part_of3(y,z,t) -> integral_part_of3(x,z,t)).

% transitive(has_integral_part)
(has_integral_part3(x,y,t) & has_integral_part3(y,z,t) -> has_integral_part3(x,z,t)).

% transitive(proper_part_of)
(proper_part_of3(x,y,t) & proper_part_of3(y,z,t) -> proper_part_of3(x,z,t)).

% transitive(proper_part_of_some)
(proper_part_of_some3(x,y,t) & proper_part_of_some3(y,z,t) -> proper_part_of_some3(x,z,t)).

% transitive(has_proper_part)
(has_proper_part3(x,y,t) & has_proper_part3(y,z,t) -> has_proper_part3(x,z,t)).

% transitive(has_proper_part_some)
(has_proper_part_some3(x,y,t) & has_proper_part_some3(y,z,t) -> has_proper_part_some3(x,z,t)).

% transitive(located_in)
(located_in3(x,y,t) & located_in3(y,z,t) -> located_in3(x,z,t)).

% transitive(located_in_some)
(located_in_some3(x,y,t) & located_in_some3(y,z,t) -> located_in_some3(x,z,t)).

% transitive(location_of)
(location_of3(x,y,t) & location_of3(y,z,t) -> location_of3(x,z,t)).

% transitive(location_of_some)
(location_of_some3(x,y,t) & location_of_some3(y,z,t) -> location_of_some3(x,z,t)).

% transitive(derives_from)
(derives_from3(x,y,t) & derives_from3(y,z,t) -> derives_from3(x,z,t)).

% transitive(derives_from_some)
(derives_from_some3(x,y,t) & derives_from_some3(y,z,t) -> derives_from_some3(x,z,t)).

% transitive(derived_into)
(derived_into3(x,y,t) & derived_into3(y,z,t) -> derived_into3(x,z,t)).

% transitive(transformation_of)
(transformation_of3(x,y,t) & transformation_of3(y,z,t) -> transformation_of3(x,z,t)).

% transitive(preceded_by)
(preceded_by3(x,y,t) & preceded_by3(y,z,t) -> preceded_by3(x,z,t)).

% transitive(preceded_by_some)
(preceded_by_some3(x,y,t) & preceded_by_some3(y,z,t) -> preceded_by_some3(x,z,t)).

% transitive(precedes)
(precedes3(x,y,t) & precedes3(y,z,t) -> precedes3(x,z,t)).

% transitive(earlier_than)
(earlier_than3(x,y,t) & earlier_than3(y,z,t) -> earlier_than3(x,z,t)).

% subrelation(integral_part_of, part_of_some)
(integral_part_of3(x,y,t) -> part_of_some3(x,y,t)).

% subrelation(has_integral_part, has_part_some)
(has_integral_part3(x,y,t) -> has_part_some3(x,y,t)).

% subrelation(proper_part_of, part_of)
(proper_part_of3(x,y,t) -> part_of3(x,y,t)).

% subrelation(proper_part_of_some, part_of_some)
(proper_part_of_some3(x,y,t) -> part_of_some3(x,y,t)).

% subrelation(has_proper_part, has_part)
(has_proper_part3(x,y,t) -> has_part3(x,y,t)).

% subrelation(has_proper_part_some, has_part_some)
(has_proper_part_some3(x,y,t) -> has_part_some3(x,y,t)).

% subrelation(partially_overlaps, overlaps)
(partially_overlaps3(x,y,t) -> overlaps3(x,y,t)).

% subrelation(has_agent, has_participant)
(has_agent3(x,y,t) -> has_participant3(x,y,t)).

% subrelation(has_agent_some, has_participant_some)
(has_agent_some3(x,y,t) -> has_participant_some3(x,y,t)).

% subrelation(agent_in, participates_in)
(agent_in3(x,y,t) -> participates_in3(x,y,t)).

% subrelation(agent_in_some, participates_in_some)
(agent_in_some3(x,y,t) -> participates_in_some3(x,y,t)).

% subrelation(quality_of, inheres_in)
(quality_of3(x,y,t) -> inheres_in3(x,y,t)).

% subrelation(quality_of_some, inheres_in_some)
(quality_of_some3(x,y,t) -> inheres_in_some3(x,y,t)).

% subrelation(has_quality, bearer_of)
(has_quality3(x,y,t) -> bearer_of3(x,y,t)).

% subrelation(has_quality_some, bearer_of_some)
(has_quality_some3(x,y,t) -> bearer_of_some3(x,y,t)).

% subrelation(function_of, inheres_in)
(function_of3(x,y,t) -> inheres_in3(x,y,t)).

% subrelation(function_of_some, inheres_in_some)
(function_of_some3(x,y,t) -> inheres_in_some3(x,y,t)).

% subrelation(has_function, bearer_of)
(has_function3(x,y,t) -> bearer_of3(x,y,t)).

% subrelation(has_function_some, bearer_of_some)
(has_function_some3(x,y,t) -> bearer_of_some3(x,y,t)).

% subrelation(role_of, inheres_in)
(role_of3(x,y,t) -> inheres_in3(x,y,t)).

% subrelation(role_of_some, inheres_in_some)
(role_of_some3(x,y,t) -> inheres_in_some3(x,y,t)).

% subrelation(has_role, bearer_of)
(has_role3(x,y,t) -> bearer_of3(x,y,t)).

% subrelation(has_role_some, bearer_of_some)
(has_role_some3(x,y,t) -> bearer_of_some3(x,y,t)).

% subrelation(integral_part_of, part_of_some)
(integral_part_of2(x,y) -> part_of_some2(x,y)).

% subrelation(has_integral_part, has_part_some)
(has_integral_part2(x,y) -> has_part_some2(x,y)).

% subrelation(proper_part_of, part_of)
(proper_part_of2(x,y) -> part_of2(x,y)).

% subrelation(proper_part_of_some, part_of_some)
(proper_part_of_some2(x,y) -> part_of_some2(x,y)).

% subrelation(has_proper_part, has_part)
(has_proper_part2(x,y) -> has_part2(x,y)).

% subrelation(has_proper_part_some, has_part_some)
(has_proper_part_some2(x,y) -> has_part_some2(x,y)).

% subrelation(partially_overlaps, overlaps)
(partially_overlaps2(x,y) -> overlaps2(x,y)).

% subrelation(has_agent, has_participant)
(has_agent2(x,y) -> has_participant2(x,y)).

% subrelation(has_agent_some, has_participant_some)
(has_agent_some2(x,y) -> has_participant_some2(x,y)).

% subrelation(agent_in, participates_in)
(agent_in2(x,y) -> participates_in2(x,y)).

% subrelation(agent_in_some, participates_in_some)
(agent_in_some2(x,y) -> participates_in_some2(x,y)).

% subrelation(quality_of, inheres_in)
(quality_of2(x,y) -> inheres_in2(x,y)).

% subrelation(quality_of_some, inheres_in_some)
(quality_of_some2(x,y) -> inheres_in_some2(x,y)).

% subrelation(has_quality, bearer_of)
(has_quality2(x,y) -> bearer_of2(x,y)).

% subrelation(has_quality_some, bearer_of_some)
(has_quality_some2(x,y) -> bearer_of_some2(x,y)).

% subrelation(function_of, inheres_in)
(function_of2(x,y) -> inheres_in2(x,y)).

% subrelation(function_of_some, inheres_in_some)
(function_of_some2(x,y) -> inheres_in_some2(x,y)).

% subrelation(has_function, bearer_of)
(has_function2(x,y) -> bearer_of2(x,y)).

% subrelation(has_function_some, bearer_of_some)
(has_function_some2(x,y) -> bearer_of_some2(x,y)).

% subrelation(role_of, inheres_in)
(role_of2(x,y) -> inheres_in2(x,y)).

% subrelation(role_of_some, inheres_in_some)
(role_of_some2(x,y) -> inheres_in_some2(x,y)).

% subrelation(has_role, bearer_of)
(has_role2(x,y) -> bearer_of2(x,y)).

% subrelation(has_role_some, bearer_of_some)
(has_role_some2(x,y) -> bearer_of_some2(x,y)).

% proper_subrelation(proper_part_of, part_of)
(proper_part_of2(x,y) -> part_of2(x,y) & -((x = y))).

% holds_over_chain(has_participant, realizes, inheres_in)
(realizes3(x,y,t) & inheres_in3(y,z,t) -> has_participant3(x,z,t)).

% holds_over_chain(participates_in, has_bearer, realized_by)
(has_bearer3(x,y,t) & realized_by3(y,z,t) -> participates_in3(x,z,t)).

% holds_over_chain(occurs_in, has_participant, located_in)
(has_participant3(x,y,t) & located_in3(y,z,t) -> occurs_in3(x,z,t)).

% holds_over_chain(occurs_in_some, has_participant_some, located_in_some)
(has_participant_some3(x,y,t) & located_in_some3(y,z,t) -> occurs_in_some3(x,z,t)).

% holds_over_chain(has_participant, realizes, inheres_in)
(realizes2(x,y) & inheres_in2(y,z) -> has_participant2(x,z)).

% holds_over_chain(participates_in, has_bearer, realized_by)
(has_bearer2(x,y) & realized_by2(y,z) -> participates_in2(x,z)).

% holds_over_chain(occurs_in, has_participant, located_in)
(has_participant2(x,y) & located_in2(y,z) -> occurs_in2(x,z)).

% holds_over_chain(occurs_in_some, has_participant_some, located_in_some)
(has_participant_some2(x,y) & located_in_some2(y,z) -> occurs_in_some2(x,z)).

% transitive_over(located_in, part_of)
(located_in3(x,y,t) & part_of3(y,z,t) -> located_in3(x,z,t)).

% transitive_over(located_in_some, part_of_some)
(located_in_some3(x,y,t) & part_of_some3(y,z,t) -> located_in_some3(x,z,t)).

% transitive_over(has_participant, part_of)
(has_participant3(x,y,t) & part_of3(y,z,t) -> has_participant3(x,z,t)).

% transitive_over(realized_by, part_of)
(realized_by3(x,y,t) & part_of3(y,z,t) -> realized_by3(x,z,t)).

% transitive_over(located_in, part_of)
(located_in2(x,y) & part_of2(y,z) -> located_in2(x,z)).

% transitive_over(located_in_some, part_of_some)
(located_in_some2(x,y) & part_of_some2(y,z) -> located_in_some2(x,z)).

% transitive_over(has_participant, part_of)
(has_participant2(x,y) & part_of2(y,z) -> has_participant2(x,z)).

% transitive_over(realized_by, part_of)
(realized_by2(x,y) & part_of2(y,z) -> realized_by2(x,z)).

% symmetric(adjacent_to)
(adjacent_to2(x,y) -> adjacent_to2(y,x)).

% symmetric(overlaps)
(overlaps2(x,y) -> overlaps2(y,x)).

% symmetric(partially_overlap)
(partially_overlap2(x,y) -> partially_overlap2(y,x)).

% symmetric(underlaps)
(underlaps2(x,y) -> underlaps2(y,x)).

% symmetric(adjacent_to)
(adjacent_to3(x,y,t) -> adjacent_to3(y,x,t)).

% symmetric(overlaps)
(overlaps3(x,y,t) -> overlaps3(y,x,t)).

% symmetric(partially_overlap)
(partially_overlap3(x,y,t) -> partially_overlap3(y,x,t)).

% symmetric(underlaps)
(underlaps3(x,y,t) -> underlaps3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(part_of, has_part)
(part_of2(x,y) <-> has_part2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(has_part, part_of)
(has_part2(x,y) <-> part_of2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(integral_part_of, has_integral_part)
(integral_part_of2(x,y) <-> has_integral_part2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(proper_part_of, has_proper_part)
(proper_part_of2(x,y) <-> has_proper_part2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(has_proper_part, proper_part_of)
(has_proper_part2(x,y) <-> proper_part_of2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(contained_in, contains)
(contained_in2(x,y) <-> contains2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(contains, contained_in)
(contains2(x,y) <-> contained_in2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(located_in, location_of)
(located_in2(x,y) <-> location_of2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(location_of, located_in)
(location_of2(x,y) <-> located_in2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(has_participant, participates_in)
(has_participant2(x,y) <-> participates_in2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(participates_in, has_participant)
(participates_in2(x,y) <-> has_participant2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(has_agent, agent_in)
(has_agent2(x,y) <-> agent_in2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(agent_in, has_agent)
(agent_in2(x,y) <-> has_agent2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(inheres_in, bearer_of)
(inheres_in2(x,y) <-> bearer_of2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(bearer_of, inheres_in)
(bearer_of2(x,y) <-> inheres_in2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(quality_of, has_quality)
(quality_of2(x,y) <-> has_quality2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(has_quality, quality_of)
(has_quality2(x,y) <-> quality_of2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(function_of, has_function)
(function_of2(x,y) <-> has_function2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(has_function, function_of)
(has_function2(x,y) <-> function_of2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(role_of, has_role)
(role_of2(x,y) <-> has_role2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(has_role, role_of)
(has_role2(x,y) <-> role_of2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(realizes, realized_by)
(realizes2(x,y) <-> realized_by2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(realized_by, realizes)
(realized_by2(x,y) <-> realizes2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(derives_from, derived_into)
(derives_from2(x,y) <-> derived_into2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(derived_into, derives_from)
(derived_into2(x,y) <-> derives_from2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(preceded_by, precedes)
(preceded_by2(x,y) <-> precedes2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(precedes, preceded_by)
(precedes2(x,y) <-> preceded_by2(y,x)).

% inverse_of(part_of, has_part)
(part_of3(x,y,t) <-> has_part3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(has_part, part_of)
(has_part3(x,y,t) <-> part_of3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(integral_part_of, has_integral_part)
(integral_part_of3(x,y,t) <-> has_integral_part3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(proper_part_of, has_proper_part)
(proper_part_of3(x,y,t) <-> has_proper_part3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(has_proper_part, proper_part_of)
(has_proper_part3(x,y,t) <-> proper_part_of3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(contained_in, contains)
(contained_in3(x,y,t) <-> contains3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(contains, contained_in)
(contains3(x,y,t) <-> contained_in3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(located_in, location_of)
(located_in3(x,y,t) <-> location_of3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(location_of, located_in)
(location_of3(x,y,t) <-> located_in3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(has_participant, participates_in)
(has_participant3(x,y,t) <-> participates_in3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(participates_in, has_participant)
(participates_in3(x,y,t) <-> has_participant3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(has_agent, agent_in)
(has_agent3(x,y,t) <-> agent_in3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(agent_in, has_agent)
(agent_in3(x,y,t) <-> has_agent3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(inheres_in, bearer_of)
(inheres_in3(x,y,t) <-> bearer_of3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(bearer_of, inheres_in)
(bearer_of3(x,y,t) <-> inheres_in3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(quality_of, has_quality)
(quality_of3(x,y,t) <-> has_quality3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(has_quality, quality_of)
(has_quality3(x,y,t) <-> quality_of3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(function_of, has_function)
(function_of3(x,y,t) <-> has_function3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(has_function, function_of)
(has_function3(x,y,t) <-> function_of3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(role_of, has_role)
(role_of3(x,y,t) <-> has_role3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(has_role, role_of)
(has_role3(x,y,t) <-> role_of3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(realizes, realized_by)
(realizes3(x,y,t) <-> realized_by3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(realized_by, realizes)
(realized_by3(x,y,t) <-> realizes3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(derives_from, derived_into)
(derives_from3(x,y,t) <-> derived_into3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(derived_into, derives_from)
(derived_into3(x,y,t) <-> derives_from3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(preceded_by, precedes)
(preceded_by3(x,y,t) <-> precedes3(y,x,t)).

% inverse_of(precedes, preceded_by)
(precedes3(x,y,t) <-> preceded_by3(y,x,t)).

% homeomorphic_for(part_of, IndependentContinuant)
(part_of3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(x,IndependentContinuant,t) -> instance_of3(y,IndependentContinuant,t)).

% homeomorphic_for(part_of, DependentContinuant)
(part_of3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(x,DependentContinuant,t) -> instance_of3(y,DependentContinuant,t)).

% homeomorphic_for(part_of, Occurrent)
(part_of3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(x,Occurrent,t) -> instance_of3(y,Occurrent,t)).

% homeomorphic_for(part_of, Process)
(part_of3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(x,Process,t) -> instance_of3(y,Process,t)).

% homeomorphic_for(part_of, Role)
(part_of3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(x,Role,t) -> instance_of3(y,Role,t)).

% homeomorphic_for(part_of, Quality)
(part_of3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(x,Quality,t) -> instance_of3(y,Quality,t)).

% homeomorphic_for(part_of, RealizableEntity)
(part_of3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(x,RealizableEntity,t) -> instance_of3(y,RealizableEntity,t)).

% homeomorphic_for(part_of, SpatialRegion)
(part_of3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(x,SpatialRegion,t) -> instance_of3(y,SpatialRegion,t)).

% homeomorphic_for(part_of, ProcessualEntity)
(part_of3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(x,ProcessualEntity,t) -> instance_of3(y,ProcessualEntity,t)).

% homeomorphic_for(part_of, IndependentContinuant)
(part_of2(x,y) & instance_of2(x,IndependentContinuant) -> instance_of2(y,IndependentContinuant)).

% homeomorphic_for(part_of, DependentContinuant)
(part_of2(x,y) & instance_of2(x,DependentContinuant) -> instance_of2(y,DependentContinuant)).

% homeomorphic_for(part_of, Occurrent)
(part_of2(x,y) & instance_of2(x,Occurrent) -> instance_of2(y,Occurrent)).

% homeomorphic_for(part_of, Process)
(part_of2(x,y) & instance_of2(x,Process) -> instance_of2(y,Process)).

% homeomorphic_for(part_of, Role)
(part_of2(x,y) & instance_of2(x,Role) -> instance_of2(y,Role)).

% homeomorphic_for(part_of, Quality)
(part_of2(x,y) & instance_of2(x,Quality) -> instance_of2(y,Quality)).

% homeomorphic_for(part_of, RealizableEntity)
(part_of2(x,y) & instance_of2(x,RealizableEntity) -> instance_of2(y,RealizableEntity)).

% homeomorphic_for(part_of, SpatialRegion)
(part_of2(x,y) & instance_of2(x,SpatialRegion) -> instance_of2(y,SpatialRegion)).

% homeomorphic_for(part_of, ProcessualEntity)
(part_of2(x,y) & instance_of2(x,ProcessualEntity) -> instance_of2(y,ProcessualEntity)).

% holds_atemporally_between(part_of, Occurrent, Occurrent)
(part_of2(x,y) -> instance_of2(x,Occurrent) & instance_of2(y,Occurrent)).

% domain(adjacent_to, IndependentContinuant)
(adjacent_to2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,IndependentContinuant)).

% domain(contained_in, IndependentContinuant)
(contained_in2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,IndependentContinuant)).

% domain(located_in, Continuant)
(located_in2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,Continuant)).

% domain(location_of, Continuant)
(location_of2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,Continuant)).

% domain(overlaps, IndependentContinuant)
(overlaps2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,IndependentContinuant)).

% domain(partially_overlaps, IndependentContinuant)
(partially_overlaps2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,IndependentContinuant)).

% domain(underlaps, IndependentContinuant)
(underlaps2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,IndependentContinuant)).

% domain(has_participant, Occurrent)
(has_participant2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,Occurrent)).

% domain(participates_in, IndependentContinuant)
(participates_in2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,IndependentContinuant)).

% domain(agent_in, IndependentContinuant)
(agent_in2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,IndependentContinuant)).

% domain(inheres_in, DependentContinuant)
(inheres_in2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,DependentContinuant)).

% domain(quality_of, Quality)
(quality_of2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,Quality)).

% domain(function_of, Function)
(function_of2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,Function)).

% domain(has_function, IndependentContinuant)
(has_function2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,IndependentContinuant)).

% domain(role_of, Role)
(role_of2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,Role)).

% domain(has_role, IndependentContinuant)
(has_role2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,IndependentContinuant)).

% domain(realizes, Process)
(realizes2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,Process)).

% domain(realized_by, RealizableEntity)
(realized_by2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,RealizableEntity)).

% domain(derives_from, Continuant)
(derives_from2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,Continuant)).

% domain(derived_into, Continuant)
(derived_into2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,Continuant)).

% domain(exists_at, Continuant)
(exists_at2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,Continuant)).

% domain(occurs_at, Occurrent)
(occurs_at2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,Occurrent)).

% domain(preceded_by, Occurrent)
(preceded_by2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,Occurrent)).

% domain(has_duration, Occurrent)
(has_duration2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,Occurrent)).

% domain(precedes, Occurrent)
(precedes2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,Occurrent)).

% domain(earlier_than, TemporalInstant)
(earlier_than2(x,u_) -> instance_of2(x,TemporalInstant)).

% range(adjacent_to, IndependentContinuant)
(adjacent_to2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,IndependentContinuant)).

% range(contained_in, IndependentContinuant)
(contained_in2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,IndependentContinuant)).

% range(located_in, IndependentContinuant)
(located_in2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,IndependentContinuant)).

% range(location_of, Continuant)
(location_of2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,Continuant)).

% range(overlaps, IndependentContinuant)
(overlaps2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,IndependentContinuant)).

% range(partially_overlaps, IndependentContinuant)
(partially_overlaps2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,IndependentContinuant)).

% range(underlaps, IndependentContinuant)
(underlaps2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,IndependentContinuant)).

% range(has_participant, IndependentContinuant)
(has_participant2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,IndependentContinuant)).

% range(participates_in, Occurrent)
(participates_in2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,Occurrent)).

% range(agent_in, Occurrent)
(agent_in2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,Occurrent)).

% range(bearer_of, DependentContinuant)
(bearer_of2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,DependentContinuant)).

% range(has_quality, Quality)
(has_quality2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,Quality)).

% range(function_of, IndependentContinuant)
(function_of2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,IndependentContinuant)).

% range(has_function, Function)
(has_function2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,Function)).

% range(role_of, IndependentContinuant)
(role_of2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,IndependentContinuant)).

% range(has_role, Role)
(has_role2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,Role)).

% range(realizes, RealizableEntity)
(realizes2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,RealizableEntity)).

% range(realized_by, Process)
(realized_by2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,Process)).

% range(derives_from, Continuant)
(derives_from2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,Continuant)).

% range(derived_into, Continuant)
(derived_into2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,Continuant)).

% range(exists_at, TemporalInstant)
(exists_at2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,TemporalInstant)).

% range(occurs_at, TemporalInstant)
(occurs_at2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,TemporalInstant)).

% range(preceded_by, Occurrent)
(preceded_by2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,Occurrent)).

% range(has_duration, TemporalInterval)
(has_duration2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,TemporalInterval)).

% range(precedes, Occurrent)
(precedes2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,Occurrent)).

% range(earlier_than, TemporalInstant)
(earlier_than2(u_,x) -> instance_of2(x,TemporalInstant)).

% all_some_all_times(part_of_some, part_of)
(part_of_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x all t ((instance_of3(x,uX,t) ->  exists y (part_of3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(y,uY,t))))).

% all_some_all_times(has_part_some, has_part)
(has_part_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x all t ((instance_of3(x,uX,t) ->  exists y (has_part3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(y,uY,t))))).

% all_some_all_times(adjacent_to_some, adjacent_to)
(adjacent_to_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x all t ((instance_of3(x,uX,t) ->  exists y (adjacent_to3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(y,uY,t))))).

% all_some_all_times(contained_in_some, contained_in)
(contained_in_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x all t ((instance_of3(x,uX,t) ->  exists y (contained_in3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(y,uY,t))))).

% all_some_all_times(located_in_some, located_in)
(located_in_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x all t ((instance_of3(x,uX,t) ->  exists y (located_in3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(y,uY,t))))).

% all_some_all_times(location_of_some, location_of)
(location_of_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x all t ((instance_of3(x,uX,t) ->  exists y (location_of3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(y,uY,t))))).

% all_some_all_times(overlaps_some, overlaps)
(overlaps_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x all t ((instance_of3(x,uX,t) ->  exists y (overlaps3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(y,uY,t))))).

% all_some_all_times(inheres_in_some, inheres_in)
(inheres_in_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x all t ((instance_of3(x,uX,t) ->  exists y (inheres_in3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(y,uY,t))))).

% all_some_all_times(bearer_of_some, bearer_of)
(bearer_of_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x all t ((instance_of3(x,uX,t) ->  exists y (bearer_of3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(y,uY,t))))).

% all_some_all_times(quality_of_some, quality_of)
(quality_of_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x all t ((instance_of3(x,uX,t) ->  exists y (quality_of3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(y,uY,t))))).

% all_some_all_times(has_quality_some, has_quality)
(has_quality_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x all t ((instance_of3(x,uX,t) ->  exists y (has_quality3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(y,uY,t))))).

% all_some_all_times(function_of_some, function_of)
(function_of_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x all t ((instance_of3(x,uX,t) ->  exists y (function_of3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(y,uY,t))))).

% all_some_all_times(has_function_some, has_function)
(has_function_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x all t ((instance_of3(x,uX,t) ->  exists y (has_function3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(y,uY,t))))).

% all_some_all_times(role_of_some, role_of)
(role_of_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x all t ((instance_of3(x,uX,t) ->  exists y (role_of3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(y,uY,t))))).

% all_some_all_times(has_role_some, has_role)
(has_role_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x all t ((instance_of3(x,uX,t) ->  exists y (has_role3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(y,uY,t))))).

% all_some_all_times(occurs_in_some, occurs_in)
(occurs_in_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x all t ((instance_of3(x,uX,t) ->  exists y (occurs_in3(x,y,t) & instance_of3(y,uY,t))))).

% all_some(part_of_some, part_of)
(part_of_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x ((instance_of2(x,uX) ->  exists y (part_of2(x,y) & instance_of2(y,uY))))).

% all_some(proper_part_of_some, proper_part_of)
(proper_part_of_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x ((instance_of2(x,uX) ->  exists y (proper_part_of2(x,y) & instance_of2(y,uY))))).

% all_some(has_proper_part_some, has_proper_part)
(has_proper_part_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x ((instance_of2(x,uX) ->  exists y (has_proper_part2(x,y) & instance_of2(y,uY))))).

% all_some(has_participant_some, has_participant)
(has_participant_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x ((instance_of2(x,uX) ->  exists y (has_participant2(x,y) & instance_of2(y,uY))))).

% all_some(participates_in_some, participates_in)
(participates_in_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x ((instance_of2(x,uX) ->  exists y (participates_in2(x,y) & instance_of2(y,uY))))).

% all_some(has_agent_some, has_agent)
(has_agent_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x ((instance_of2(x,uX) ->  exists y (has_agent2(x,y) & instance_of2(y,uY))))).

% all_some(agent_in_some, agent_in)
(agent_in_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x ((instance_of2(x,uX) ->  exists y (agent_in2(x,y) & instance_of2(y,uY))))).

% all_some(realizes_some, realizes)
(realizes_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x ((instance_of2(x,uX) ->  exists y (realizes2(x,y) & instance_of2(y,uY))))).

% all_some(realized_by_some, realized_by)
(realized_by_some2(uX,uY) <->  all x ((instance_of2(x,uX) ->  exists y (realized_by2(x,y) & instance_of2(y,uY))))).

% equivalent_to(Entity, disjoint_union(Continuant, Occurrent))
(instance_of2(x,Entity) <-> instance_of2(x,Continuant) | instance_of2(x,Occurrent)).

% equivalent_to(Continuant, disjoint_union(DependentContinuant, IndependentContinuant, SpatialRegion))
(instance_of2(x,Continuant) <-> instance_of2(x,DependentContinuant) | instance_of2(x,IndependentContinuant) | instance_of2(x,SpatialRegion)).

% equivalent_to(DependentContinuant, disjoint_union(GenericallyDependentContinuant, SpecificallyDependentContinuant))
(instance_of2(x,DependentContinuant) <-> instance_of2(x,GenericallyDependentContinuant) | instance_of2(x,SpecificallyDependentContinuant)).

% equivalent_to(IndependentContinuant, disjoint_union(FiatObjectPart, Object, ObjectAggregate, ObjectBoundary, Site))
(instance_of2(x,IndependentContinuant) <-> instance_of2(x,FiatObjectPart) | instance_of2(x,Object) | instance_of2(x,ObjectAggregate) | instance_of2(x,ObjectBoundary) | instance_of2(x,Site)).

% equivalent_to(SpatialRegion, disjoint_union(OneDimensionalRegion, ThreeDimensionalRegion, TwoDimensionalRegion, ZeroDimensionalRegion))
(instance_of2(x,SpatialRegion) <-> instance_of2(x,OneDimensionalRegion) | instance_of2(x,ThreeDimensionalRegion) | instance_of2(x,TwoDimensionalRegion) | instance_of2(x,ZeroDimensionalRegion)).

% equivalent_to(SpecificallyDependentContinuant, disjoint_union(Quality, RealizableEntity))
(instance_of2(x,SpecificallyDependentContinuant) <-> instance_of2(x,Quality) | instance_of2(x,RealizableEntity)).

% equivalent_to(ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion, disjoint_union(SpatiotemporalInstant, SpatiotemporalInterval))
(instance_of2(x,ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion) <-> instance_of2(x,SpatiotemporalInstant) | instance_of2(x,SpatiotemporalInterval)).

% equivalent_to(ConnectedTemporalRegion, disjoint_union(TemporalInstant, TemporalInterval))
(instance_of2(x,ConnectedTemporalRegion) <-> instance_of2(x,TemporalInstant) | instance_of2(x,TemporalInterval)).

% equivalent_to(Occurrent, disjoint_union(ProcessualEntity, SpatiotemporalRegion, TemporalRegion))
(instance_of2(x,Occurrent) <-> instance_of2(x,ProcessualEntity) | instance_of2(x,SpatiotemporalRegion) | instance_of2(x,TemporalRegion)).

% equivalent_to(ProcessualEntity, disjoint_union(FiatProcessPart, Process, ProcessAggregate, ProcessBoundary, ProcessualContext))
(instance_of2(x,ProcessualEntity) <-> instance_of2(x,FiatProcessPart) | instance_of2(x,Process) | instance_of2(x,ProcessAggregate) | instance_of2(x,ProcessBoundary) | instance_of2(x,ProcessualContext)).

% equivalent_to(SpatiotemporalRegion, disjoint_union(ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion, ScatteredSpatiotemporalRegion))
(instance_of2(x,SpatiotemporalRegion) <-> instance_of2(x,ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion) | instance_of2(x,ScatteredSpatiotemporalRegion)).

% equivalent_to(TemporalRegion, disjoint_union(ConnectedTemporalRegion, ScatteredTemporalRegion))
(instance_of2(x,TemporalRegion) <-> instance_of2(x,ConnectedTemporalRegion) | instance_of2(x,ScatteredTemporalRegion)).

end_of_list.